Abstract
Objectives
This study assessed the significance of socio-demographic and contextual factors on the number of daily cigarette and bidi smoking in northeast India.
Methods
This study is based on the data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey-India (2009–2010). Community asset is measured as the totality of all households’ durables and community affinity to smoking as the proportion of households which allowed smoking in the house.
Results
High daily cigarette and bidi smokers constitute 20 and 30 % of the respective smokers and they smoke 35.8 cigarettes and 14.6 bidis daily, respectively, on the average. The higher is the community affinity to smoking, the higher is the intensity of smoking among the high daily cigarette smokers. Advancing age and educational attainment have significant deterrent effect on the intensity of cigarette and bidi smoking.
Conclusions
Contextual factors are found to be important for regional tobacco control programmes. The need for reaching out to communities and the importance of promotion of public–private partnership under the provision of corporate social responsibility for effectiveness of tobacco control programme is recommended.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bagchi NR, Ganguly S, Pal S, Chatterjee S (2014) A study on smoking and associated psychological factors among adolescent students in Kolkata, India. Indian J Public Health 58(1):50–53
Blaxter M (1990) Health and lifestyles. Routledge, London
Deb P, Holmes A (2000) Estimates of use and cost of behavioural health care: a comparison of standard and finite mixture models. Health Econ 9:475–489
Deb P, Trivedi PK (1997) Demand for medical care by the elderly: a finite mixture approach. J Appl Econ 12:313–326
Deb P, Trivedi PK (2002) The structure of demand for health care: latent class versus two-part models. J Health Econ 21:601–626
Government of India (GOI) (1975) The Cigarettes Act (Regulation of Production, Supply and Distribution) 1975
Government of India (GOI) (1990) Prevention of Food Adulteration Act (PFA) (Amendment) 1990
Government of India (GOI) (1992) Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 (Amendment) 1992
Government of India (GOI) (2003) The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and regulation of Trade and Commerce, production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 2003; an act enacted by the Parliament of Republic of India by notification in the official gazette. (Act 32 of 2003)
Government of India (GOI) (2008) National Tobacco Control Programme 2007–2008. http://www.mohfw.nic.in. Accessed 15 Aug 2014
Griffin E, Moon G, Barnet R (2014) Examining the significance of urban–rural context in tobacco quitline use: does rurality matter? Int J Public Health. doi:10.1007/s00038-014-0634-y
Grogger JT, Carson RT (1991) Models for truncated counts. J Appl Econ 6:225–238
Gupta PC, Pednekar MS, Parkin DM, Sankaranaryanan R (2005) Tobacco associated mortality in Mumbai (Bombay) India: results of the Bombay cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 34:1395–1402
Gupta PC, Ray CS, Narake SS, Palipudi KM, Sinha DN, Asma S, Blutcher-Nelson G (2012) Profile of dual tobacco users in India: analysis from Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Indian J Cancer 49(4):393–400
Gurmu S, Trivedi P (1992) Overdispersion tests for truncated poisson regression models. J Econometrics 54:347–370
Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Chaudhry K, Chhabra SK, D’Souza GA, Gupta D, Katiyar SK, Kumar R, Shah B, Vijayan VK (2006) Tobacco smoking in India: prevalence, quit-rates and respiratory morbidity. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 48:37–42
Kaur J, Jain DC (2011) Tobacco control policies in India: implementation and challenges. Indian J Public Health 55(3):220–227
Kulik MC, Eikemo TA, Regidor E, Menvielle G, Mackenbach JP (2014) Does the pattern of educational inequalities in smoking in western Europe depend on the choice of survey? Int J Public Health 59:587–597
McLachlan GJ, Peel D (2000) Finite mixture models. Wiley and Sons, Newyork
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) Government of India (GOI), International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) (2010) Global Adult Tobacco Survey India Report (GATS India), 2009–2010. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi; International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai
Muthėn B (2002) Beyond SEM: general latent variable modelling. Behaviormetrika 29:81–117
Pednekar MS, Gupta PC, Shukla HC, Hebert JR (2006) Association between tobacco use and body mass index in urban Indian population: implications for public health in India. BMC Public Health. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-70
Rani M, Bonu S, Jha P, Nguyen SN, Jamjoum L (2003) Tobacco use in India: prevalence and predictors of smoking and chewing in a national cross sectional household survey. Tob Control. doi:10.1136/tc.12.4.e4
Santos-Silva JMC (2003) A note on the estimation of mixture models under endogenous sampling. Econometrics J 36:46–52
Sinha DN, Gupta PC, Pednekar MS (2003) Tobacco use among students in the eight northeastern states of India. Indian J Cancer 40:43–59
Skog OJ (1985) The collectivity of drinking cultures: a theory of the distribution of alcohol consumption. Br J Addiction 80:83–99
Wedel M, Desarbo WS, Bult JR, Ramaswamy V (1993) A latent class Poisson regression model for heterogeneous count data. J Appl Econ 8:397–411
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ladusingh, L., Singh, A. Contextual correlates of intensity of smoking in northeast India. Int J Public Health 60, 317–326 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-015-0652-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-015-0652-4