Abstract
Species diversity may be underestimated even in well-explored mountain regions due to the lack of in-depth research in taxonomically intricate groups. Filling such knowledge gap is necessary to optimize conservation management, specially for species occurring in vulnerable ecosystems such as Southern European mountains. Campanula sect. Heterophylla is a complex group with a high proportion of endemic taxa in European mountain ranges, and whose species delineation is often controversial due to extensive morphological variation. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary entity of its taxa occurring in the Pyrenees, with a special focus on the Pyrenean endemic C. jaubertiana (which is sometimes included as a subspecies of or merged with C. cochleariifolia); and C. andorrana, a taxon allegedly endemic to Andorra (Eastern Pyrenees) and of uncertain taxonomic value. We obtained chloroplast genome and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences, including several individuals of the three focus taxa, and conducted morphometric analyses. Phylogenetic analyses show that C. jaubertiana sensu lato (s. l.; i.e. including C. andorrana) constitutes a clearly distinct lineage that is not even closely related to C. cochleariifolia; consistent differences in floral morphology were detected between them. Our results support two main evolutionary lineages within C. jaubertiana s. l., one corresponding to populations in Central Pyrenees, and another one in Eastern Pyrenees plus Catalan Pre-Pyrenees. Given the degree of genetic and morphological differentiation, we propose the species rank for each lineage (C. jaubertiana and C. andorrana, respectively) and provide a taxonomic treatment. These two Pyrenean endemics likely diverged through transverse allopatric speciation.
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Data availability
The molecular data generated for this study will be available in Genbank upon acceptance. Other datasets and code generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on demand.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Pere Aymerich for providing us detailed information about localities of C. precatoria, and Boris Presseq for his help with herbarium specimens of the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse. Bioinformatic analyses were carried out with the GRICAD infrastructure (https://gricad.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr).
Funding
This research was funded by the ANR-SNF project Origin-Alps (ANR-16-CE93-0004, SNF-310030L_170059). The sequencing data used in this study were acquired with the support of the PhyloAlps project funded by France Génomique (ANR-10-INBS-09–08). JS was financially supported by the Doctoral school of Chemistry and Life Sciences within the University Grenoble Alpes and the Czech Science Foundation (GAČR 20-29554X). The sampling campaign was partly funded by the Institut d’Estudis Andorrans and the Andorran Government, the European Research Council under the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007–2013 Grant agreement 281422 (TEEMBIO), and by a Grant awarded to JS by the French Ecological Society.
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C.R. and L.S. designed the research; L.S., C.R., J.S., S.L., C.P. and B.K. conducted field work; M.B. and A.A. performed laboratory analyses; F.D., E.C. and J.S. performed sequence data curation; C.R. and L.S. conducted the research and analyzed the data; C.R., L.S. and S.L. wrote the article with contributions of all co-authors.
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Roquet, C., Smyčka, J., Alberti, A. et al. Evolutionary origins and species delineation of the two Pyrenean endemics Campanula jaubertiana and C. andorrana (Campanulaceae): evidence for transverse alpine speciation. Alp Botany 132, 51–64 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-021-00257-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-021-00257-8