Skip to main content
Log in

2D Piecewise Digital Predistortion for Dual-Band Power Amplifiers Based on Self-organizing Map

  • Short Paper
  • Published:
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents a new piecewise two-dimensional (2D) digital predistortion (DPD) method for dual-band power amplifiers (PAs). A self-organizing map network is used to divide dual-band signals into different regions. Then, a principal component analysis algorithm is used to reduce the number of predistortion coefficients in each region. The proposed method is stable in finding the optimum region ranges and can achieve a good balance between the system complexity and model accuracy. To validate proposed method, a dual-band WCDMA signal and a dual-band OFDM signal are employed. The device under test is a GaN PA with a peak output power of 6 W. The adjacent channel power ratio and normalized mean square error measurement results for both cases demonstrate that the new piecewise DPD method can obtain better linearization performance with fewer coefficients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S. Afsardoost, T. Eriksson, C. Fager, Digital predistortion using a vector-switched model. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 60(4), 1166–1174 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2012.2184295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. S.A. Bassam, W. Chen, M. Helaoui, F.M. Ghannouchi, Transmitterarchitectureforca: carrier aggregation in LTE-advanced systems. IEEE Microw. Mag. 14(5), 78–86 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/MMM.2013.2259399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. S.A. Bassam, M. Helaoui, F.M. Ghannouchi, Z. Feng, Linearization of concurrent dual-band power amplifier based on 2D-DPD technique. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 21(12), 685–687 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2011.2170669

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. A.R. Belabad, S.A. Motamedi, S. Sharifian, A novel generalized parallel two-box structure for behavior modeling and digital predistortion of RF power amplifiers at LTE applications. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 37(7), 2714–2735 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-017-0700-9

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. L. Ding, Z. Yang, H. Gandhi, Concurrent dual-band digital predistortion. In: 2012 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 1–3 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2012.6259532

  6. L. Ding, G.T. Zhou, D.R. Morgan, Z. Ma, J.S. Kenney, J. Kim, C.R. Giardina, A robust digital baseband predistorter constructed using memory polynomials. IEEE Trans. Commun. 52(1), 159–165 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2003.822188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. B. Fehri, S. Boumaiza, Baseband equivalent volterra series for digital predistortion of dual-band power amplifiers. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 62(3), 700–714 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2014.2303944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. K. Finnerty, R. Wesson, J. Dooley, M. Acar, M.P. van der Heijden, R. Farrell, Linearization of an outphasing amplifier for wide-band multi-carrier signals. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 25(2), 139–141 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2014.2382653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. P.L. Gilabert, G. Montoro, T. Wang, Comparison of model order reduction techniques for digital predistortion of power amplifiers. In: 2016 46th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), pp. 182–185 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/EuMC.2016.7824308

  10. P.L. Gilabert, G. Montoro1, D. López, N. Bartzoudis, E. Bertran1, M. Payaró, A. Hourtane, Order reduction of wideband digital predistorters using principal component analysis. In: 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT), pp. 1–7 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2013.6697687

  11. M.A. Hussein, O. Venard, B. Feuvrie, Y. Wang, Digital predistortion for RF power amplifiers: state of the art and advanced approaches. In: 2013 IEEE 11th International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS), pp. 1–4 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/NEWCAS.2013.6573671

  12. T. Kohonen, Self-Organizing Maps. Springer, Berlin (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56927-2

  13. P.N. Landin, S. Gustafsson, C. Fager, T. Eriksson, Weblab: a web-based setup for pa digital predistortion and characterization. IEEE Microw. Mag. 16(1), 138–140 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/MMM.2014.2367857

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Y.J. Liu, W. Chen, J. Zhou, B.H. Zhou, F.M. Ghannouchi, 2D augmented hammerstein model for concurrent dual-band power amplifiers. Electron. Lett. 48(19), 1214–1216 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2012.2252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Y.J. Liu, W. Chen, J. Zhou, B.H. Zhou, F.M. Ghannouchi, Digital predistortion for concurrent dual-band transmitters using 2-D modified memory polynomials. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 61(1), 281–290 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2012.2228216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. N. Naraharisetti, P. Roblin, C. Quindroit, S. Gheitanchi, Efficient least-squares 2-D-cubic spline for concurrent dual-band systems. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 63(7), 2199–2210 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2015.2435731

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. C. Quindroit, N. Naraharisetti, P. Roblin, S. Gheitanchi, V. Mauer, M. Fitton, Concurrent dual-band digital predistortion for power amplifier based on orthogonal polynomials. In: 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT), pp. 1–4 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2013.6697705

  18. F.H. Raab, P. Asbeck, S. Cripps, P.B. Kenington, Z.B. Popovic, N. Pothecary, J.F. Sevic, N.O. Sokal, Power amplifiers and transmitters for RF and microwave. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 50(3), 814–826 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1109/22.989965

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. P. Roblin, S.K. Myoung, D. Chaillot, Y.G. Kim, A. Fathimulla, J. Strahler, S. Bibyk, Frequency-selective predistortion linearization of RF power amplifiers. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 56(1), 65–76 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2007.912241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. X. Wu, J. Shi, Adaptive predistortion using cubic spline nonlinearity based hammerstein modeling. IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci. 95(2), 542–549 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.E95.A.542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. X. Wu, M. Xiong, A wideband digital predistortion based on adaptive subband decomposition technique. Int. J. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 8, 529–535 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Xiong, X. Wu, E. Guan, S. Lin, 2-D digital predistortion using vector quantization method for dual-band transmitters. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 94(3), 643–657 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-016-3641-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Younes, A. Kwan, M. Akbarpour, M. Helaoui, F.M. Ghannouchi, Two-dimensional piecewise behavioral model for highly nonlinear dual-band transmitters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 64(11), 8666–8675 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2017.2703683

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Zhu, P. Draxler, Back to the future with pas [from the guest editors’ desk]. IEEE Microw. Mag. 17(2), 16–85 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/MMM.2015.2501160

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China: (Grant Number U1705263) and the Science and Technology Plan Project of Fujian Province, China: (Grant Number 2017H0041).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiaofang Wu.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wu, X., Jin, L., Zhu, J. et al. 2D Piecewise Digital Predistortion for Dual-Band Power Amplifiers Based on Self-organizing Map. Circuits Syst Signal Process 39, 3206–3218 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-019-01298-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-019-01298-5

Keywords

Navigation