Skip to main content
Log in

Quality Analog Scramblers Using Frequency-Response Masking Filter Banks

  • Low Power Digital Filter Design Techniques and Their Applications
  • Published:
Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A very low complexity frequency-domain analog speech scrambler having high-quality speech reconstruction is proposed. The scrambler uses frequency-response masking filter banks which have low computational complexity and narrow transition widths. The proposed system does not require bandwidth expansion, and is robust for transmission channels with distortion characteristics. Preliminary investigations showed that speech scrambled using this method is nearly unintelligible to the casual eavesdropper.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. B.S. Atal, V. Cuperman, A. Gersho, Advances in Speech Coding (Kluwer Academic, Boston, 1991)

    Google Scholar 

  2. T.P. Barnwell III, K. Nayebi, C.H. Richardson, Speech Coding: A Computer Laboratory Textbook (Wiley, New York, 1996)

    Google Scholar 

  3. E.R. Brunner, Speech Security Systems—Today and Tomorrow. Telecommunications, pp. 18S–18W, August 1980

  4. B. Farhang, Z. Wang, Adaptive filtering in subbands: design issues and experimental results for acoustic echo cancellation. Signal Process. 61, 213–223 (1997)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. J.L. Flanagan, M.R. Chroeder, B.S. Atal, R.E. Crochiere, N.S. Jayant, J.M. Tribolet, Speech coding. IEEE Trans. Commun. 27, 710–737 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. S.W. Foo, W.T. Lee, Application of fast filter bank for transcription of polyphonic signals. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 12(5), 655–674 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  7. R. Goldberg, L. Riek, A Practical Handbook of Speech Coders (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2000)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. N.S. Jayant, Analog scramblers for speech privacy. Comput. Secur. 1, 275–289 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. N.S. Jayant, B.J. McDermott, S.W. Christensen, A.M. Quinn, A comparison of four methods for analog speech privacy. IEEE Trans. Commun. 29, 18–23 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. N.S. Jayant, R.V. Cox, B.J. McDermott, A.M. Quinnm, Analog scramblers for speech based on sequential permutations in time and frequency. Bell Syst. Tech. J. (January 1983)

  11. N.S. Jayant , Signal Compression—Coding of Speech, Audio, Text, Image and Video (World Scientific, Singapore, 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  12. D. Kahn, The Code-Breakers (Macmillan, New York, 1967)

    Google Scholar 

  13. W.B. Klejin, K.K. Paliwal, Speech Coding and Synthesis (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1995)

    Google Scholar 

  14. A.M. Kondoz, Digital Speech: Coding for Low Bit Rate Communications Systems (Wiley, London, 1994)

    Google Scholar 

  15. J.W. Lee, Efficiency in audio processing: filter banks and transcoding. Ph.D. thesis, Library Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, ISBN 978-90-386-1993-4

  16. J.W. Lee, Y.C. Lim, Efficient implementation of real filter banks using frequency response masking techniques. IEEE Asia Pac. Conf. Circuits Syst. 1, 69–72 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. J.W. Lee, Y.C. Lim, A multiplierless filter bank with deep stopband suppression and narrow transition width. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. 4305–4308 (May 2005)

  18. J.W. Lee, Y.C. Lim, Efficient implementation of the fast filter bank for critically decimated systems. IEEE Asia Pac. Conf. Circuits Syst. 550–553 (2006)

  19. Y. C Lim, Frequency response masking approach for the synthesis of sharp linear phase digital filters. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. 33(4), 357–364 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Y.C. Lim, B. Farhang-Boroujeny, Fast filter bank (FFB). IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II 39(5), 316–318 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Y.C. Lim, S. Parker, FIR filter design over a discrete powers-of-two coefficient space. IEEE Trans. Acoustics Speech Signal Proc. 31, 583–591 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. F. Mintzer, On half-band, third-band, and Nth-band FIR filters and their design. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 30, 734–738 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. K. Nayebi, T.P. Barnwell, M.J.T. Smith, Low delay FIR filter banks: design and evaluation. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 42, 24–31 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. S.R. Quackenbush, T.P. Barnwell III, M.A. Clements, Objective Measures of Speech Quality (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1988)

    Google Scholar 

  25. L.R. Rabiner, R.W. Schafer, Digital Processing of Speech Signals (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1978)

    Google Scholar 

  26. W. Solomon, Golomb and Guang Gong, Signal Design for Good Correlation (Cambridge University Press, London, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  27. A.D. Wyner, An analog scrambling scheme which does not expand bandwidth. Part I: discrete time. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 25, 261–274 (1979)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. A.D. Wyner, An analog scrambling scheme which does not expand bandwidth. Part II: continuous time. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 25, 415–425 (1979)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. W. Lee.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lim, Y.C., Lee, J.W. & Foo, S.W. Quality Analog Scramblers Using Frequency-Response Masking Filter Banks. Circuits Syst Signal Process 29, 135–154 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-009-9113-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-009-9113-8

Keywords

Navigation