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Taxonomic and functional aspects of diversity and composition of plankton communities in shallow lentic ecosystems along the human impact and environmental gradients

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Abstract

Plankton communities constitute an important part of the biodiversity in shallow lentic ecosystems (SLEs). Understanding their diversity responses to increasing human pressure is required for the effective management of SLEs. Here we assessed the relationship between different properties of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities (abundance, taxonomic and functional diversity, and taxonomic and functional composition) and human impact (HII index), limnological features of SLEs (i.e., surface area and depth, trophic state, and hydrological connectivity), the biomass of submerged macrophytes, and the abundance of planktivorous fishes. For this, we sampled zooplankton from 28 sampling sites across nine SLEs (seven ponds, one channel, and one shallow lake). For 18 sampling sites across six of the ponds, we also sampled phytoplankton. We found that phytoplankton abundance was negatively associated with the higher HII, while zooplankton abundance and species richness increased with increasing HII. Hydrological connectivity was an important predictor of both phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity and composition. The functional diversity and composition of phytoplankton were more sensitive to environmental changes than their taxonomic diversity. Opposite patterns were recorded for zooplankton diversity metrics, presumably due to the dominance of non-predatory rotifers, which maintained constant functional diversity despite variations in taxonomic diversity along environmental gradients. Our results suggest that the taxonomic and functional diversity metrics of both phytoplankton and zooplankton should be considered simultaneously since they can show contrasting responses to human pressure and environmental changes in SLEs.

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Availability of data and material

The datasets generated and analyzed here are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Code availability

The code for data analyses associated with the current submission is available from the corresponding author on request.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Agreement numbers 451-03-68/2022-14/200124 and 451-03-68/2022-14/ 200122) and a bilateral cooperation scientific project “Trophic connections of freshwater ichthyofauna: fish diet in sustainable aquaculture” between Serbia and Croatia funded by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development and Croatian Ministry of Science and Education. We thank Sonja Dix (UK) for the final English corrections.

Funding

The funding was provided by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development and Croatian Ministry of Science and Education.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18106, Niš, Serbia

    Olivera Stamenković, Milica Stojković Piperac & Djuradj Milošević

  2. Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia

    Dubravka Čerba

  3. Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia

    Aleksandar Ostojić, Nevena B. Đorđević & Snežana B. Simić

  4. Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia

    Dušanka Cvijanović

  5. Theoretical Ecology Group, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, Gartenhaus, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Oksana Y. Buzhdygan

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  1. Olivera Stamenković
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Contributions

OS, MSP, DČ, DM, and OYB designed the study and developed the analytical procedure. AO, NBĐ and SBS contributed data. DC provided the maps of the study areas. OS, with inputs from OYB, performed statistical analysis. OS wrote the original draft. All authors contributed substantially to writing and editing the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Olivera Stamenković.

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Stamenković, O., Stojković Piperac, M., Čerba, D. et al. Taxonomic and functional aspects of diversity and composition of plankton communities in shallow lentic ecosystems along the human impact and environmental gradients. Aquat Sci 84, 57 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-022-00893-0

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