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Response of the aquatic invertebrate community to the eradication of an exotic invasive fish 30 years after its introduction into an Iberian alpine lake

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Abstract

In Lake Grande de Peñalara, an originally fishless small high mountain lake in the Central Iberian Peninsula, brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) was introduced in the 1970s, and then eradicated 30 years later using gillnets. In this study, we investigated the time-course and changes in macroinvertebrates and zooplankton communities, before and after the eradication, by studying their richness and several biological and ecological traits of macroinvertebrates. Macroinvertebrates richness increased from 13 taxa coexisting with fish, up to a maximum of 27 taxa after the eradication. Rare groups usually affected by fish predation, e.g. swimmers in surface and open waters, showed high dispersal and recolonization capabilities, while those with burrowing, interstitial or crawler habits maintained their presence, and even with the presence of fish given their advantage of hiding from being directly sighted by fish. Taxa with affinities for rare habitats within the lake (e.g. macrophyte beds) occasionally appeared 4–6 years after eradication. In contrast, zooplankton assemblage did not significantly change in richness in the 10 years after eradication. No new species of cladocerans or copepods appeared after fish removal, but 4 new rotifer taxa appeared and 5 disappeared. This was apparently more related to a change in water quality or trophic status as a consequence of the fish removal than to the direct effect of fish removal on rotifers. Zooplankters were significantly smaller, on average, before fish eradication rather than later, indicating that the community responded to the change in predation pressure.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by the National Park of Sierra de Guadarrama (Regional Government of Madrid). Work by A.C. is currently funded by the project CLIMAWET (CGL2015-69557-R). The authors are very grateful for the help given in the taxonomic determinations by Andrés Mellado (macroinvertebrates) and Juan José Aldasoro, Manuel García Sánchez-Colomer and Santiago Robles (zooplankton), and for the assistance provided in the statistical analysis by Andrés Mellado, Jorge R. Sánchez, and Ignacio González.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Estudios Hidrográficos (CEDEX), Paseo Bajo Virgen del Puerto, 3, 28005, Madrid, Spain

    Manuel Toro

  2. Centro de Investigación, Seguimiento y Evaluación, Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama, Cta. M-604 Km 28, 28740, Rascafría, Madrid, Spain

    Ignacio Granados & Ángel Rubio

  3. Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva (ICBiBE), Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain

    Antonio Camacho

  4. Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group (IFE), Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB), Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (CSIC), Accés Cala Sant Francesc, 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona, Catalonia, Spain

    Ibor Sabás & Marc Ventura

  5. Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edificio de Biología, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco. C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Carlos Montes

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Toro, M., Granados, I., Rubio, Á. et al. Response of the aquatic invertebrate community to the eradication of an exotic invasive fish 30 years after its introduction into an Iberian alpine lake. Aquat Sci 82, 55 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-020-00728-w

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