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Molecular composition and bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen in a lake flow-influenced river in south Florida, USA

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Abstract

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) represents a large percentage of the total nitrogen in rivers and estuaries, and can contribute to coastal eutrophication and hypoxia. This study reports on the composition and bioavailability of DON along the Caloosahatchee River (Florida), a heavily managed system receiving inputs from Lake Okeechobee as well as agricultural and urban runoff from the surrounding watershed. Water samples were collected bimonthly for 1 year beginning December 2014 at three stations along the river. Treatments included 28-day dark incubations with and without prior photo-irradiation. Concentrations of DON, ammonium, nitrate–nitrite, total hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA), and urea, as well as bacterial numbers, leucine aminopeptidase activity, and fluorescent optical properties were measured. Ultra-high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to characterize the molecular composition of DON before and after incubation for selective samples. The total dissolved N pool was dominated by DON (61–99%), with low inorganic N (1–39%), and small amounts of THAA-N (0.1–23%) and urea-N (0.6–3.2%). The mean percentage of biologically available DON (BDON) for the study was 15% (−12–61% range) with highest values occurring when water inputs from Lake Okeechobee were the most dominant freshwater source. FT-ICR MS analysis revealed the presence of a wide range of N-containing formulas and the generation of aliphatic and ‘peptide-like’ structures likely due to microbial alteration of the carbon skeleton of DON compounds. Effects of light exposure prior to incubation did not have a measurable effect on %BDON but did affect bacterial biomass and DON composition. These findings may help predict nutrient loading effects to the Caloosahatchee River estuary and may aid in understanding wetland potential as a treatment technology for removing N in this and other freshwater systems sensitive to N loading.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded through the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD Contract #4600003105) and supported, in part, by a Section 319 Nonpoint Source Management Program Implementation grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through an agreement/contract with the Nonpoint Source Management Section of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. The authors thank the field crew from the SFWMD for logistical support, and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Florida State University for the mass spectrometric analyses (NSF DMR-1157490). Additional support from the George Barley Endowment and the FCE-LTER program (Grant No. DEB-1237517) is acknowledged. This is contribution number 832 from the Southeast Environmental Research Center in the Institute of Water & Environment at Florida International University.

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  1. Oliva Pisani

    Present address: Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

    Oliva Pisani & Rudolf Jaffé

  2. Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Center for the Environment, Plymouth State University, Plymouth, NH, USA

    Joseph N. Boyer

  3. Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, USA

    David C. Podgorski

  4. Coastal Ecosystems Section, South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL, USA

    Cassondra R. Thomas & Teresa Coley

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  1. Oliva Pisani
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Pisani, O., Boyer, J.N., Podgorski, D.C. et al. Molecular composition and bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen in a lake flow-influenced river in south Florida, USA. Aquat Sci 79, 891–908 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-017-0540-5

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