Skip to main content
Log in

Harmonic Forms and Generalized Solitons

  • Published:
Results in Mathematics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this article we study some geometric properties of generalized solitons. In particular, we establish certain relations between harmonicity and generalized solitons. For a generalized soliton \((g,\xi ,\eta ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta )\) we derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for the dual 1-form \(\xi ^{\flat }\) of the potential field \(\xi \) to be a solution of the Schrödinger–Ricci equation, a harmonic or a Schrödinger–Ricci harmonic form. Also, we characterize the 1-forms which are orthogonal to \(\xi ^{\flat }\) for the Ricci and Yamabe solitons. Moreover, we formulate the corresponding results for gradient generalized solitons. Several applications and examples are also presented in this article.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availibility

Not applicable.

References

  1. Allen, J.E.: The early history of solitons (solitary waves). Phys. Scr. 57, 436–441 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bourguignon, J.-P.: Ricci curvature and Einstein metrics. In: Global differential geometry and global analysis (Berlin, 1979). Lecture Notes in Math., vol. 838, pp. 42–63. Springer, Berlin (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0088841

  3. Blaga, A.M.: On warped product gradient \(\eta \)-Ricci solitons. Filomat 31(18), 5791–5801 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Blaga, A.M.: Harmonic aspects in an \(\eta \)-Ricci soliton. Int. Electron. J. Geom. 13(1), 41–49 (2020)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Calvino-Louzao, E., Garcia-Rio, E., Gilkey, P., Park, J.H., Vázquez-Lorenzo, R.: Aspects of Differential Geometry: III Synthesis Lectures on Mathematics and Statistics, vol. 159. Morgan & Claypool Publishers, San Rafael (2017). https://doi.org/10.2200/S00770ED1V03Y201704MAS018

    Book  Google Scholar 

  6. Catino, G., Cremaschi, L., Djadli, Z., Mantegazza, C., Mazzieri, L.: The Ricci-Bourguignon flow. Pac. J. Math. 287(2), 337–370 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Chen, B.-Y.: Geometry of Submanifolds. Marcel Dekker, New York (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chen, B.-Y.: Euclidean submanifolds with incompressible canonical vector field. Serdica Math. J. 43, 321–334 (2017)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Chen, B.-Y.: Pseudo-Riemannian Geometry, \(\delta \)-Invariants and Applications. World Scientific Publishing, Hackensack (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Chen, B.-Y., Deshmukh, S.: Classification of Ricci solitons on Euclidean hypersurfaces. Int. J. Math. 25(11), 1450104 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Chow, B., Chu, S.-C., Glickenstein, D., Guenther, C., Isenberg, J., Ivey, T., Knopf, D., Lu, P., Luo, F., Ni, L.: The Ricci Flow: Techniques and Applications: Part I, Geometric Aspects. Mathematical Surveys and Monographs, vol. 135. American Mathematical Society, Providence (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Crasmareanu, M.: Last multipliers for Riemannian geometries, Dirichlet forms and Markov diffusion semigroups. J. Geom. Anal. 27(4), 2618–2643 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Crasmareanu, M., Güler, S.: Ricci-Yamabe maps for Riemannian flows and their volume variation and volume entropy. Turk. J. Math. 43, 2631–2641 (2019)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Hamilton, R.S.: Three-manifolds with positive Ricci curvature. J. Differ. Geom. 17(2), 255–306 (1982)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Hamilton, R.S.: The Ricci flow on surfaces, Mathematics and general relativity. Contemp. Math. 71, 237–262 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ou, Y.-L., Chen, B.-Y.: Biharmonic Submanifolds and Biharmonic Maps in Riemannian Geometry. World Scientific Publishing, Hackensack (2020)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  17. Tsonev, D.M., Mesquita, R.R.: On the spectra of a family of geometric operators evolving with geometric flows. Commun. Math. Stat. 9, 181–202 (2021)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adara M. Blaga.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Blaga, A.M., Chen, BY. Harmonic Forms and Generalized Solitons. Results Math 79, 16 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00025-023-02041-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00025-023-02041-y

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation