Abstract
The Yedisu Seismic Gap is one of the most important seismic gaps throughout the North Anatolian Fault Zone since it has not produced destructive earthquakes for a long time. To analyze the characteristics of future seismic hazards, the interrelationships between seismotectonic b-values, Coulomb stress changes, and S-wave velocity models of crust are presented in and around the Yedisu Seismic Gap located northwest of the Karlıova Triple Junction. For this purpose, the most up-to-date earthquake catalog and the focal mechanism solutions of recent earthquakes are used to image the different depth intervals. Results show that the relatively positive stresses are accumulating along the Varto Fault Zone and Kargapazarı and Yedisu Segments between 5 and 15 km depth intervals. At the same time, the lower b-values between 0.6 and 1.0 are found in the same segments. However, in the volcanic regions around the Karlıova Triple Junction, the low S-wave velocity zones may be related to high b-values, negative stress changes, and volcanic structures. The region between the Turnadağ volcano and the Varto caldera shows scattered stress and b-value changes in the upper crust. Moreover, the probability of earthquakes for Mw = 6.0, 7.0, and 7.7 in the intermediate term (10 years) is estimated as ~ 65%, ~ 17%, and ~ 5%, respectively. Recurrence of earthquakes with Mw = 6.0, 7.0, and 7.7 are calculated as ~ 10, ~ 55, and ~ 187 years, respectively. Consequently, the regions characterized by low strong b-values and positive stress loading reveal high earthquake hazard potential on the whole in the next decade.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdelfattah, A. K., Jallouli, C., Qaysi, S., & Al-Qadasi, B. (2020). Crustal stress in the Northern Red Sea Region as inferred from seismic b-values, seismic moment release, focal mechanisms, gravity, magnetic, and heat flow data. Surveys in Geophysics, 41, 963–986. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-020-09602-8
AFAD. (2020). 4 Haziran 2020 Karlıova (Bingöl) Mw 5.7 Depremine İlişkin Ön Değerlendirme Raporu. Deprem Dairesi Başkanlığı.
AFAD. (2022). 23 Ocak 2022 Gölyaka (Düzce) Mw 5.9 Depremine İlişkin Ön Değerlendirme Raporu. Deprem Dairesi Başkanlığı.
Akbayram, K., Bayrak, E., Pamuk, E., Özer, Ç., Kıranşan, K., & Varolgüneş, S. (2022a). Dynamic sub-surface characteristic and the active faults of the Genç District locating over the Bingöl Seismic Gap of the East Anatolian Fault Zone, Eastern Turkey. Natural Hazards, 114(1), 825–847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05414-8
Akbayram, K., Kıranşan, K., Varolgüneş, S., Büyükakpınar, P., Karasözen, E., & Bayık, Ç. (2022b). Multidisciplinary analyses of the rupture characteristic of the June 14, 2020, Mw 5.9 Kaynarpınar (Karlıova, Bingöl) earthquake reveal N70E-striking active faults along the Yedisu Seismic Gap of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. International Journal of Earth Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-022-02256-4
Aki, K. (1965). Maximum likelihood estimate of b in the formula log N = a – bM and its confidence limits. Bulletin of Earthquake Research, Institute of Tokyo University, 43, 237–239.
Akpınar, Z., Gürsoy, H., Tatar, O., Büyüksaraç, A., Kocbulut, F., & Piper, J. D. A. (2016). Geophysical analysis of fault geometry and volcanic activity in the Erzincan Basin, Central Turkey: Complex evolution of a mature pull-apart basin. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 116, 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.11.005
Aktuğ, B., Dikmen, U., Dogru, A., & Ozener, H. (2013). Seismicity and strain accumulation around Karliova Triple Junction (Turkey). Journal of Geodynamics, 67, 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2012.04.008
Ali, S. M., & Akkoyunlu, M. F. (2022). Statistical analysis of earthquake catalogs for seismic hazard studies around the Karliova Triple Junction (eastern Turkey). Journal of African Earth Sciences, 186, 104436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2021.1044366
Alkan, H. (2022). Crustal structure in and around the East Anatolian volcanic belt by using receiver functions stacking. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 191, 104532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2022.104532
Alkan, H., Büyüksaraç, A., Bektaş, Ö., & Işık, E. (2021). Coulomb stress change before and after 24. 01. 2020 Sivrice (Elazığ) Earthquake (Mw = 6.8) on the East Anatolian Fault Zone. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(23), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-09080-1
Alkan, H., & Çınar, H. (2021). The lithospheric structure underneath the Circum Black Sea: Teleseismic receiver functions and Rayleigh wave phase velocity analysis. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 206, 104652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104652
Ambraseys, N. N., & Jackson, J. A. (1998). Faulting associated with historical and recent earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Geophysical Journal International, 133(2), 390–406. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.00508.x
An, M. (2012). A simple method for determining the spatial resolution of a general inverse problem. Geophysical Journal International, 191, 849–864. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05661.x
Angus, D., Wilson, D., Sandvol, E., & Ni, J. F. (2006). Lithospheric structure of the Arabian and Eurasian collision zone in eastern Turkey from S-wave receiver functions. Geophysical Journal International, 166, 1335–1346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03070.x
Artemieva, I. M., & Shulgin, A. (2019). Geodynamics of Anatolia: Lithosphere thermal structure and thickness. Tectonics, 38(12), 4465–4487. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019TC005594
Asayesh, B. M., Zafarani, H., & Tatar, M. (2020). Coulomb stress changes and secondary stress triggering during the 2003 (Mw 6.6) Bam (Iran) earthquake. Tectonophysics, 775, 228304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2019.228304
Aydın, U. (2022). The seismic anisotropy of the Eastern Anatolia. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, 46(2), 1037–1047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-021-00746-0
Barka, A., Akyüz, H. S., Cohen, H. A., & Watchorn, F. (2000). Tectonic evolution of the Niksar and Tasova-Erbaa pull-apart basins, North Anatolian Fault Zone: Their significance for the motion of the Anatolian block. Tectonophysics, 322(3–4), 243–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00099-8
Bayrak, E., & Özer, C. (2021). The 24 January 2020 (Mw 68) Sivrice (Elazig, Turkey) earthquake: A first look at spatiotemporal distribution and triggering of aftershocks. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(22), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08756-y
Bayrak, E., Yılmaz, Ş, Softa, M., Türker, T., & Bayrak, Y. (2015). Earthquake hazard analysis for East Anatolian fault zone, Turkey. Natural Hazards, 76(2), 1063–1077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1541-5
Becker, D., Martínez-Garzón, P., Wollin, C., Kılıç, T., & Bohnhoff, M. (2023). Variation of fault creep along the overdue Istanbul-Marmara seismic gap in NW Türkiye. Geophysical Research Letters, 50, e2022GL101471. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101471
Bhattacharya, S. N., Mitra, S., & Suresh, G. (2013). The shear wave velocity of the upper mantle beneath the Bay of Bengal, Northeast Indian Ocean from interstation phase velocities of surface waves. Geophysical Journal International, 193(3), 1506–1514. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt0077
Bora, D. K., Borah, K., Mahanta, R., & Borgohain, J. M. (2018). Seismic b-values and its correlation with seismic moment and Bouguer gravity anomaly over Indo-Burma ranges of northeast India: Tectonic implications. Tectonophysics, 728, 130–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2018.01.001
Cekim, H. O., Tekin, S., & Özel, G. (2021). Prediction of the earthquake magnitude by time series methods along the East Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Earth Science Informatics, 14(3), 1339–1348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-021-00636-z
Çınar, H., & Alkan, H. (2017). Crustal S-wave structure around the Lake Van region (eastern Turkey) from interstation Rayleigh wave phase velocity analyses. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 26(1), 73–90. https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-1605-13
Çoban, K. H., & Sayıl, N. (2020). Different probabilistic models for earthquake occurrences along the North and East Anatolian fault zones. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13(18), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05945-z
Corchete, V. (2013). Shear-wave velocity structure of Antarctica from Rayleigh-wave analysis. Tectonophysics, 583, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.10.013
Darbyshire, F. A. (2005). Upper mantle structure of Arctic Canada from Rayleigh wave dispersion. Tectonophysics, 405(1–4), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2005.02.013
Delph, J. R., Zandt, G., & Beck, S. L. (2015). A new approach to obtaining a 3D shear wave velocity model of the crust and upper mantle: An application to eastern Turkey. Tectonophysics, 665, 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.09.031
Demirci, A. (2019). Frequency-dependent body-Q and coda-Q in Karlıova Triple Junction and its vicinity, eastern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 28(6), 902–919. https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-1903-2
Dogru, A., Gorgun, E., Aktug, B., & Ozener, H. (2018). Seismic hazard assessment of the central North Anatolian Fault (Turkey) from GPS-derived strain rates and b-values. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 9(1), 356–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2018.1441193
Duman, T. Y., & Emre, Ö. (2013). The East Anatolian fault: Geometry, segmentation and jog characteristics. Geological Society London Special Publications, 372(1), 495–529. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP372.14
Dziewonski, A., Bloch, S., & Landisman, M. (1969). A technique for the analysis of transient seismic signals. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 59(1), 427–444. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0590010427
Emre, Ö., Duman, T. Y., Ozalp, S., Elmaci, H.,& Olgun, S. et al. (2013). 1/1.125.000 scale Active Fault Map of Turkey. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Explorations Special Publications Series Ankara-Turkey
Emre, Ö., Duman, T. Y., Özalp, S., Şaroğlu, F., Olgun, Ş, Elmacı, H., & Çan, T. (2018). Active fault database of Turkey. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 16(8), 3229–3275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-0041-2
Frohlich, C., & Davis, S. (1993). Teleseismic b-values: Or, much ado about 1.0. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98(B1), 631–644. https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB018911
Gökalp, H. (2012). Tomographic imaging of the seismic structure beneath the east Anatolian Plateau, eastern Turkey. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 169(10), 1749–1776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-011-0432-x
Helffrich, G., Wookey, J., & Bastow, I. (2013). The seismic analysis code: A primer and user’s guide. Cambridge University Press.
Herrmann, R. B. (2013). Computer programs in seismology: An evolving tool for instruction and research. Seismological Research Letters, 84(6), 1081–1088. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220110096
Işık, E., Harirchian, E., Büyüksaraç, A., & Ekinci, L. (2021). Seismic and structural analyses of the eastern anatolian region (Turkey) using different probabilities of exceedance. Applied System Innovation, 4(4), 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi4040089
Karaoğlu, Ö., Bazargan, M., Baba, A., & Browning, J. (2019). Thermal fluid circulation around the Karliova triple junction: Geochemical features and volcano-tectonic implications (Eastern Turkey). Geothermics, 81, 168–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2019.05.003
Karaoğlu, Ö., Browning, J., Bazargan, M., & Gudmundsson, A. (2016). Numerical modelling of triple-junction tectonics at Karlıova, Eastern Turkey, with implications for regional magma transport. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 452, 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.037
Karaoğlu, Ö., Gülmez, F., Göçmengil, G., Lustrino, M., Giuseppe, P., Manetti, P., et al. (2020). Petrological evolution of Karlıova-Varto volcanism (Eastern Turkey): Magma genesis in a transtensional triple-junction tectonic setting. Lithos, 364, 105524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105524
Karaoğlu, Ö., Selçuk, A. S., & Gudmundsson, A. (2017). Tectonic controls on the Karlıova triple junction (Turkey): Implications for tectonic inversion and the initiation of volcanism. Tectonophysics, 694, 368–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.11.018
Kennett, B. L. N., & Engdahl, E. R. (1991). Traveltimes for global earthquake location and phase identification. Geophysical Journal International, 105(2), 429–465. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb06724.x
Keskin, M. (2003). Magma generation by slab steepening and breakoff beneath a subduction-accretion complex: An alternative model for collision-related volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Geophysical Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018019
King, G. C., Stein, R. S., & Lin, J. (1994). Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 84(3), 935–953. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0840030935
Koçyiğit, A., Yilmaz, A., Adamia, S., & Kuloshvili, S. (2001). Neotectonics of East Anatolian Plateau (Turkey) and Lesser Caucasus: Implication for transition from thrusting to strike-slip faulting. Geodinamica Acta, 14(1–3), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0985-3111(00)01064-0
Liu, L., Li, Y., Ji, L., & Zhu, L. (2022). Finite element simulation of stress change for the MS7. 4 Madoi earthquake and implications for regional seismic hazards. Earthquake Research Advances, 2(2), 100046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100046
Maden, N., & Öztürk, S. (2015). Seismic b-values, bouguer gravity and heat flow data beneath Eastern Anatolia, Turkey: Tectonic implications. Surveys in Geophysics, 36(4), 549–570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-015-9327-1
McMechan, G. A., & Yedlin, M. J. (1981). Analysis of dispersive waves by wave field transformation. Geophysics, 46(6), 869–874. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441225
Mousavi, S. M. (2017). Mapping seismic moment and b-value within the continental-collision orogenic-belt region of the Iranian Plateau. Journal of Geodynamics, 103, 26–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2016.12.001
Ogata, Y., Imoto, M., & Katsura, K. (1991). 3-D spatial variation of b-values of magnitude-frequency distribution beneath the Kanto District, Japan. Geophysical Journal International, 104, 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb02499.x
Okumura, K., Yoshioka, T., Kuşçu, İ., Nakamura, T., & Suzuki, Y. (1994). Recent surface faulting on the North Anatolian Fault East of Erzincan Basin, Turkey-a trenching survey. Summaries of Researches using AMS at Nagoya University (in Japanese with English Abstract)
Oruç, B., Gomez-Ortiz, D., & Petit, C. (2017). Lithospheric flexural strength and effective elastic thicknesses of the Eastern Anatolia (Turkey) and surrounding region. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 150, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.09.015
Ozener, H., Arpat, E., Ergintav, S., Dogru, A., Cakmak, R., Turgut, B., & Dogan, U. (2010). Kinematics of the eastern part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. Journal of Geodynamics, 49(3–4), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2010.01.003
Özer, Ç., Öztürk, S., & Pamuk, E. (2021). Tectonic and structural characteristics of Erzurum and its surroundings (Eastern Turkey): A detailed comparison between different geophysical parameters. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 31(1), 85–108. https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-2106-18
Öztürk, S. (2011). Characteristics of seismic activity in the Western, Central and Eastern parts of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey: Temporal and spatial analysis. Acta Geophysica, 59(2), 209–238. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11600-010-0050-5
Öztürk, S. (2018). Earthquake hazard potential in the Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey: Seismotectonic b and Dc-values and precursory quiescence Z-value. Frontiers of Earth Science, 12(1), 215–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-017-0642-3
Öztürk, S. (2020). A study on the variations of recent seismicity in and around the Central Anatolian region of Turkey. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 301(106453), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2020.106453
Pasyanos, M. E., Masters, T. G., Laske, G., & Ma, Z. (2014). LITHO1.0: An updated crust and lithospheric model of the Earth. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 119, 2155–2173. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010626
Radi, Z., & Yelles-Chaouche, A. (2022). Shear velocity structure beneath Northern Algeria from Rayleigh-wave analysis. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 186, 104446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2021.104446
Reasenberg, P. A. (1985). Second-order moment of Central California seismicity, 1969–1982. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90(B7), 5479–5495.
Reilinger, R., & McClusky, S. (2011). Nubia-Arabia-Eurasia plate motions and the dynamics of Mediterranean and Middle East tectonics. Geophysical Journal International, 186(3), 971–979. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05133.x
Reilinger, R., McClusky, S., Vernant, P., Lawrence, S., Ergintav, S., Cakmak, R., et al. (2006). GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa-Arabia-Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of plate interactions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004051
Sançar, T., & Akyüz, H. S. (2014). Paleoseismology of the Ilipinar Segment (Karliova, Bingol), The North Anatolian Fault Zone. Türkiye Jeoloji Bulteni-Geological Bulletin of Turkey, 57(2), 35–52.
Sançar, T., Zabcı, C., Akyüz, H. S., Karabacak, V., & Altunel, E. (2009). Late Holocene Activity of Kargapazari Segment, Eastern Part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Bingöl, Turkey. In EGU General Assembly Conference, Abstracts (p. 7710)
Sanchez, J. J., McNutt, S. R., Power, J. A., & Wyss, M. (2004). Spatial variations in the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes at Mount Pinatubo volcano. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 94, 430–438. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020244
Scholz, C. H. (2015). On the stress dependence of the earthquake b value. Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 1399–1402. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062863
Schorlemmer, D., Wiemer, S., & Wyss, M. (2005). Variations in earthquake-size distribution across different stress regimes. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04094
Şengör, A. M. C., Özeren, M. S., Keskin, M., Sakınç, M., Özbakır, A. D., & Kayan, I. (2008). Eastern Turkish high plateau as a small Turkic-type orogen: Implications for post-collisional crust-forming processes in Turkic-type orogens. Earth-Science Reviews, 90(1–2), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.05.002
Şengör, A. M. C., Tüysüz, O., Imren, C., Sakınç, M., Eyidoğan, H., Görür, N., et al. (2005). The North Anatolian fault: A new look. Annual Review of Earth Planetary Sciences, 33, 37–112.
Şengör, A. M. C., & Yılmaz, Y. (1981). Tethyan evolution of Turkey: A plate Tectonic approach. Tectonophysics, 75, 181–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(81)90275-4
Sertçelik, F. (2012). Estimation of coda wave attenuation in the east Anatolia fault zone, Turkey. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 169(7), 1189–1204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-011-0368-1
Simão, N. M., Nalbant, S. S., Sunbul, F., & Mutlu, A. K. (2016). Central and eastern Anatolian crustal deformation rate and velocity fields derived from GPS and earthquake data. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 433, 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.10.041
Sunbul, F. (2019). Time-dependent stress increase along the major faults in eastern Turkey. Journal of Geodynamics, 126, 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2019.03.001
Tabban, A., & Gencoğlu, S. (1975). Earthquake and its parameters. Bulletin Earthquake Research Institute of Turkey, 11, 7–83.
Tan, O. (2021). A homogeneous earthquake catalogue for Turkey. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 21(7), 2059–2073. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2059-2021
Taymaz, T., Eyidogan, H., & Jackson, J. (1991). Source parameters of large earthquakes in the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey). Geophysical Journal International, 106(3), 537–550. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb06328.x
Toda, S., Stein, R. S., & Lin, J. (2011). Widespread seismicity excitation throughout central Japan following the 2011 M= 9.0 Tohoku earthquake and its interpretation by Coulomb stress transfer. Geophysical Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047834
Utsu, T. (1971). Aftershock and earthquake statistic (III): Analyses of the distribution of earthquakes in magnitude, time and space with special consideration to clustering characteristics of earthquake occurrence (1). Journal of Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Series VII (geophysics), 3, 379–441.
Wessel, P., Luis, J., Uieda, L., Scharroo, R., Wobbe, F., Smith, W. H. F., & Tian, D. (2019). The generic mapping tools version 6. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008515
Wiemer, S. (2001). A software package to analyze seismicity: ZMAP. Seismological Research Letters, 72(2), 373–382. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.3.373
Woessner, J., & Wiemer, S. (2005). Assessing the quality of earthquake catalogues: Estimating the magnitude of completeness and its uncertainty. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 95(2), 684–698. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040007
Yadav, R. B. S., Gahalaut, V. K., Chopra, S., & Shan, B. (2012). Tectonic implications and seismicity triggering during the 2008 Baluchistan, Pakistan earthquake sequence. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 45, 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.10.003
Yazdanfar, C., Nemati, M., Ataby, M. A., Roustaei, M., & Nilfouroushan, F. (2018). Stress transfer, aftershocks distribution and InSAR analysis of the 2005 Dahuieh earthquake, SE Iran. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 147, 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2018.06.022
Zabcı, C., Akyüz, H. S., & Sançar, T. (2017). Palaeoseismic history of the eastern part of the North Anatolian Fault (Erzincan, Turkey): Implications for the seismicity of the Yedisu seismic gap. Journal of Seismology, 21(6), 1407–1425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-017-96731-1
Zabcı, C., Sançar, T., Akyüz, H. S., & Kıyak, N. G. (2015). Spatial slip behavior of large strike-slip fault belts: Implications for the Holocene slip rates of the eastern termination of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120(12), 8591–8609. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB011874
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Editor-in-Chief and two anonymous reviewers for their careful reviews and comments that improved the manuscript. We also thank KOERI, AFAD and EIDA (European Integrated Data Archive) for providing seismic data and earthquake catalogues via the Internet. We also thank Dr. Özcan Bektaş for constructive comments and discussion. Some of the figures were created by using the ZMAP (Wiemer, 2001) and the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) (Wessel et al., 2019) software packages. The active fault database was taken from Emre et al. (2018).
Funding
No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Supervision: [HA]; Conceptualization: [HA and İA]; Methodology and Visualization: [HA and SÖ]; Formal analysis and investigation: [HA, SÖ and İA]; Writing—original draft and Writing - review & editing: [H A, SÖ and İA]. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Alkan, H., Öztürk, S. & Akkaya, İ. Seismic Hazard Implications in and Around the Yedisu Seismic Gap (Eastern Türkiye) Based on Coulomb Stress Changes, b-Values, and S-wave Velocity. Pure Appl. Geophys. 180, 3227–3248 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-023-03342-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-023-03342-7