Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate long-term spatial changes (LTSC) of monthly maximum temperature (MMT) using NOAA-CIRES-DOE Twentieth Century Reanalysis data and different Kriging methods (KM). In this study, MMT data for 2 m above the ground during the 1836–2019 period were applied, and for spatial analysis, various KMs (ordinary, simple, and general) were used. Also, to determine the pattern of MMT distribution, the global and local Moran’s Spatial Autocorrelation Method (MSAM) was used. The results showed that the simple Kriging method with Gaussian semivariogram model has the lowest error among all methods and best explains the pattern of spatial distribution of MMT in Iran. Therefore, this method was used to map the interpolations. Interpolation maps show that the MMT distribution of Iran is a spatial function of geographical features. In the northwest of Iran and Caspian coast, it is less, and in the lowlands and plains of the south and southwest, it is more. The results of MSAM also indicate that the MMT of Iran has a cluster pattern. In the southern regions of the pattern, it is high cluster, and in the northwestern regions of the pattern, there is low cluster. According to the results, a decreasing trend of MMT and cold spots has always been observed in the northwestern regions of Iran, and an increasing trend and hot spots of MMT are observable in the southern regions. This is contrary to the results of studies conducted in Iran, which with data of up to 60 years show that the pattern of MMT distribution in all regions of Iran is increasing.
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Availability of Data and Materials
All maximum temperature data for 2 m above the ground created or used during this study are openly available from the NOAA-CIRES-DOE Twentieth Century Reanalysis (V3) Distributed Active Archived at https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.20thC_ReanV3.html.
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The authors' participation in the article are as follows: Conceived and designed the analysis: YG, RF. Collected the data: RF, YG. Contributed data or analysis tools: MF, RF, YG. Performed the analysis: RF, YG. Wrote the paper: RF. Supervision: YG. Corresponding author: YG.
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Fanaei, R., Ghavidel, Y. & Farajzadeh, M. The Reanalysis of Long Term Spatial Changes in Maximum Temperatures in Iran. Pure Appl. Geophys. 180, 3371–3384 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-023-03318-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-023-03318-7