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Investigation of the Vegetation Coverage Dynamics and its Relation to Atmospheric Patterns in Kabul River Basin in Afghanistan

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Abstract

The variations in vegetation coverage (defined as the area with Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) > 0.2) and atmospheric patterns occurring during various vegetation seasons in the Kabul River Basin (KRB) in Afghanistan during 2001–2019 were analyzed. The analysis was done based on the NDVI, land surface temperature (LST), precipitation images from the remote sensing data, and geopotential height and temperature at 500 hPa from the retrospective datasets. The results revealed that the vegetation dynamics in KRB are impacted by both precipitation and LST. In the winter season, the LST has a more substantial role in shaping the vegetation dynamics than precipitation, while it is on contrary during the summer season. Cluster analysis showed that the four atmospheric patterns (e.g., Sub-Tropical High Pressure (STHP), Western European ridge-the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea trough, Caspian Sea ridge (CSR), and the Mediterranean Sea trough-Central to Eastern Iran trough) can be identified and connected with the periods with the highest and the lowest vegetation coverage (VC) anomalies in the study area. The CSR and the Mediterranean Sea trough-the Central to Eastern Iran trough are the patterns responsible for the most positive VC anomalies. At the same time, the STHP and Western Europe ridge-the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea trough are responsible for the most negative VC anomalies. As the atmospheric patterns have a significant role in shaping the vegetation status, a quick alert system to prevent agricultural areas from water or temperature stresses can be developed based on observations of them.

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Acknowledgements

Iman Rousta is deeply grateful to his supervisor, Haraldur Olafsson (Professor of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric Sciences-Weather and Climate, and Department of Physics, University of Iceland, and Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)), for his great support, kind guidance, and encouragement.

Funding

This work was supported by Vedurfelagid, Rannis and Rannsoknastofa i vedurfraedi. J.K. and P.B. have been partly financed by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development within the framework of the MSINiN project (contract number: BIOSTRATEG3/343547/8/NCBR/2017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, Yazd University, Yazd, 8915818411, Iran

    Iman Rousta

  2. Institute for Atmospheric Sciences-Weather and Climate, University of Iceland and Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), Bustadavegur 7, IS-108, Reykjavik, Iceland

    Iman Rousta

  3. ASICT Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh

    Md Moniruzzaman

  4. Spatial Business Integration GmbH (SBI), Marienburgstraße 27, 64297, Darmstadt, Germany

    Md Moniruzzaman

  5. Institute for Atmospheric Sciences-Weather and Climate and Department of Physics, University of Iceland and Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), Bustadavegur 7, IS-108, Reykjavik, Iceland

    Haraldur Olafsson

  6. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China

    Hao Zhang

  7. Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland

    Piotr Baranowski & Jaromir Krzyszczak

  8. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950, Lublin, Poland

    Przemysław Tkaczyk

  9. Department of Grassland and Landscape Forming, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland

    Halina Lipińska & Agnieszka Kępkowicz

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  1. Iman Rousta
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  9. Jaromir Krzyszczak
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Contributions

Conceptualization, IR; methodology, software, data curation, validation, formal analysis, IR, MM, HO, and HZ; writing—original draft preparation IR, MM, HO, and HZ; enhancing the research design and analysis IR, PB, PT, HL, AK, and JK; writing—review and editing JK and PB All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jaromir Krzyszczak.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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Rousta, I., Moniruzzaman, M., Olafsson, H. et al. Investigation of the Vegetation Coverage Dynamics and its Relation to Atmospheric Patterns in Kabul River Basin in Afghanistan. Pure Appl. Geophys. 179, 3075–3094 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-022-03044-6

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