Abstract
Because of the scarcity of recorded seismic ground motions from Vrancea intermediate-depth source that can be used in designing a structure, engineers are bound to use scaled, artificial, or simulated accelerograms. Out of these options, the first two might incompletely account for the phenomena that may appear. Although complicated, simulated accelerograms provide one of the best options for defining the seismic demand in engineering design, but further research is needed to adapt the simulation methods to the source, path, and site-specific characteristics. As some parameters used in simulations were not addressed yet specifically for the Vrancea-intermediate seismic source, the specific path duration is investigated in this paper. Using a database with the recorded ground motions from March 4, 1977, August 30, 1986, May 30 and May 31, 1990, October 27, 2004 Vrancea earthquakes (the only five recorded earthquakes with moment magnitudes at least equal to 6), the path and magnitude dependent duration specific to Vrancea intermediate-depth seismic source to be used in the stochastic simulation is developed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Benetatos, C., & Kiratzi, A. (2004). Stochastic strong ground motion simulation of intermediate depth earthquakes: The cases of the 30 May 1990 Vrancea (Romania) and of the 22 January 2002 Karpathos island (Greece) earthquakes. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 24(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2003.10.003.
Beresnev, I., & Atkinson, G. (1998). FINSIM—A FORTRAN program for simulating stochastic acceleration time histories from finite faults. Seismological Research Letters, 69, 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.69.1.27.
Besutiu, L. (2006). Alternative geodynamic model for Vrancea intermediate-depth seismicity: the unstable triple junction. In: Geodynamic studies in Romania—Vrancea zone. Monograph compiled in the frame of the Project CERGOP-2/Envirent. Reports on Geodesy, no.6 (81), 17–42, Warszawa.
Besutiu, L., Radulian, M., Zlagnean, L., & Atanasiu, L. (2009). Some peculiarities of the seismicity within the bending zone of the East Carpathians. Integrated research on the intermediate depth earthquake genesis within Vrancea zone. Vergiliu Publishing Housem pp 36–111. ISBN978-973-7600-59-2.
Bokelmann, G., & Rodler, F. A. (2014). Nature of the Vrancea seismic zone (Eastern Carpathians)—New constraints from dispersion of first-arriving P-waves. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 390, 59–68.
Bommer, J., Stafford, P., & Alarcón, J. (2009). Empirical equations for the prediction of the significant, bracketed, and uniform duration of earthquake ground motion. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99, 3217–3233.
Boore, D. M. (1983). Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motions based on seismological models of the radiated spectra. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 73, 1865–18943.
Boore, D. M. (2003). Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 160, 635–676.
Boore, DM. (2005). SMSIM-fortran programs for simulating ground motions form earthquakes. Version 7.04. U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-Field Report, p. 55.
Boore, D. M., & Thompson, E. (2014). Path durations for use in the stochastic-method simulation of ground motions. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 104, 2541–2552.
Boore, D. M., & Thompson, E. (2015). Revisions to Some Parameters Used in Stochastic-Method Simulations of Ground Motion. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 105, 1029–1041.
Bora, S., Scherbaum, F., Kuehn, N., & Stafford, P. (2014). Fourier spectral- and duration models for the generation of response spectraadjustable to different source-, propagation-, and site conditions. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 12(1), 467–493.
Borleanu, F., Popa, M., Radulian, M., & Schweitzer, J. (2011). Slowness and azimuth determination for Bucovina array (BURAR) applying multiple signal techniques. Journal of Seismology, 15, 431–442.
Cotovanu, A. (2018). Stochastic Simulation of Ground Motions Generated by Vrancea Intermediate-Depth Seismic Source. Journal of Military Technology, 1(2), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.32754/JMT.2018.2.05.
Cotovanu, A. (2019). Continuity and derivability issues in modeling the energy release shaping window in stochastic simulation of ground motions generated by Vrancea intermediate-depth seismic source. Journal of Military Technology, 2(2), 43–46.
Cotovanu, A. (2020). Simularea accelerogramelor specifice cutremurelor vrâncene de adâncime intermediară. PhD Thesis, Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest (in Romanian).
Cotovanu, A., & Vacareanu, R. (2020a). Local site conditions modeling in stochastic simulation of ground motions generated by Vrancea (Romania) intermediate-depth seismic source. Journal of Seismology, 24(1), 229–241.
Cotovanu, A., & Vacareanu, R. (2020b). Modeling energy release parameters in stochastic simulation of ground motions generated by Vrancea intermediate-depth seismic source. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 18, 2557–2580.
Craciun, I., Vacareanu, R., & Pavel, F. (2016). Spectral Displacement Demands for Strong Ground Motions Recorded During Vrancea Intermediate-Depth Earthquakes. În R. Vacareanu , & C. Ionescu (Ed.), The 1940 Vrancea Earthquake. Issues, Insights and Lessons Learnt. (pg. 169–188). Cham: Springer Natural Hazards. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29844-3_12
Ghofrani, H., & Atkinson, G. (2015). Duration of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake ground motions. Journal of Seismology, 19, 9–25.
Gusev, A., Radulian, M., Rizescu, M., & Panza, G. F. (2002). Source scaling of intermediate-depth Vrancea earthquakes. Geophysical Journal International, 151(3), 879–889.
Hauser, F., Raileanu, V., Fielitz, W., Bala, A., Prodehl, C., Polonic, G., & Schulze, A. (2001). VRANCEA99—the crustal structure beneath the southeastern Carpathians and the Moesian Platform from a seismic refraction profile in Romania. Tectonophysics, 340, 233–256.
Hauser, F., Raileanu, V., Fielitz, W., Dinu, C., Landes, M., Bala, A., & Prodehl, C. (2007). Seismic crustal structure between the Transylvanian Basin and the Black Sea, Romania. Tectonophysics, 430(1), 1–25.
Hippolyte, J. C., Badescu, D., & Constantin, P. (1999). Evolution of the transport direction of the Carpathian belt during its collision with the east European Platform. Tectonics, 18(6), 1120–1138.
Kempton, J., & Stewart, P. (2006). Prediction equations for significant duration of earthquake ground motions considering site and nearsource effects. Earthquake Spectra, 22, 985–1013.
Kulhanek, O. (2002). Chapter 21. The structure and interpertation of seismograms. In W. H. K. Lee, H. Kanamori, P. J. Jennings, & C. Kisslinger (Eds.), International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A (pp. 333–348). Academic Press for International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior.
Lee, J., & Green, R. (2014). An empirical significant duration relationship for stable continental regions. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 12, 217–235.
Manea, V.C., Besutiu, L., Atanasiu, L., Dobrica, V., & Zlagneanu, L. (2011). Studiu privind analiza modelelor geodinamice existente, Project: Infrastructură cibernetică pentru studii geodinamice relaţionate cu zona seismogenă Vrancea: ID-593, cod SMIS-CSNR 12499; Programul Operaţional Sectorial Creşterea Competitivităţii Economice, 2011.
Manea, E., Cioflan, C. O., Coman, A., Michel, C., Poggi, V., & Fäh, D. (2020). Estimating geophysical bedrock depth using single station analysis and geophysical data in the extra-Carpathian area of Romania. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 177(2), 4829–4844.
Mavroeidis, G. P., & Papageorgiou, A. S. (2003). A mathematical representation of near-fault ground motions. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 93(3), 1099–1131.
MDRAP. (2014). P100-1/2013 Cod de proiectare seismică—Partea I—Prevederi de proiectare pentru clădiri. Bucuresti, România. Ministerul Dezvoltării Regionale si Administratiei Publice, M.Of., pI, nr.558bis/03.09.2013.
Motazedian, D., & Atkinson, G. M. (2005). Stochastic finite-fault modeling based on a dynamic corner frequency. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 95(3), 995–1010.
Oth, A., Parolai, S., Bindi, D., & Wenzel, F. (2009). Source spectra and site response from S waves of intermediate-depth Vrancea, Romania, earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99, 235–254.
Pavel, F. (2015). Investigation on the stochastic simulation of strong ground motions for Bucharest area. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 69, 227–232.
Pavel, F. (2018). Investigation on the Variability of Simulated and Observed Ground Motions for Bucharest Area. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 22(10), 1737–1757. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2017.1297266
Pavel, F., & Vacareanu, R. (2015). Assessment of the ground motion levels for the Vrancea (Romania) November 1940 earthquake. Natural Hazards, 78(2), 1469–1480.
Pavel, F., & Vacareanu, R. (2017). Ground motion simulations for seismic stations in southern and eastern Romania and seismic hazard assessment. Journal of Seismology, 21(5), 1023–1037.
Pavel, F., Popa, V., & Vacareanu, R. (2018). Evaluation of soil conditions in Bucharest. In: Impact of Long-Period Ground Motions on Structural Design: A Case Study for Bucharest, Romania. Springer International Publishing, pp 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73402-6_2
Poiata, E., & Miyake, H. (2017). Broadband ground motion simulation of the 2004 and 1977 Vrancea, Romania, earthquakes using empirical green’s function method. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 174, 3503–3519.
Radulian, M., Bala, A., Ardeleanu, L., Toma-Danila, D., Petrescu, L., & Popescu, E. (2019). Revised catalogue of earthquake mechanisms for the events occurred in Romania until the end of twentieth century: REFMC. Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica, 54(1), 3–18.
Russo, R. M., Mocanu, V., Radulian, M., Popa, M., & Bonjeret, K.-P. (2005). Seismic attenuation in the Carpathian bend zone and surroundings. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 237, 695–709.
Wenzel, F., Lorentz, F., Sperner, F., & Oncescu, M. (1998). Seismotectonics of Romanian Vrancea area. In F. Wenzel & D. Lungu (Eds.), Vrancea Earthquakes. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Zaicenco, A., & Alkaz, V, (2006), A Wavelet-based Analytical Model Accounting for Near-field Effects of Vrancea Earthquakes. Paper nomber 225 in First European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (a joint event of the 13th ECEE & 30th General Assembly of the ESC) Geneva, Switzerland, 3–8 September 2006
Zaicenco, A., Gavin, H., & Dickinson, B. (2008). A Parametric model combining gabor wavelet and stochastic component for the August 30, 1986 Vrancea Earthquake. In A. Zaicenco, I. Craifaleanu, & I. Paskaleva (Eds.), NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security (pp. 63–83). Springer.
Funding
No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cotovanu, A., Vacareanu, R. Recommended Path Durations for Stochastic Simulations of Ground Motions Generated by Vrancea Intermediate-Depth Seismic Source. Pure Appl. Geophys. 178, 3039–3055 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-021-02782-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-021-02782-3