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A Review on Forearc Ophiolite Obduction, Adakite-Like Generation, and Slab Window Development at the Chile Triple Junction Area: Uniformitarian Framework for Spreading-Ridge Subduction

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Abstract

This paper aggregates the main basic data acquired along the Chile Triple Junction (CTJ) area (45°–48°S), where an active spreading center is presently subducting beneath the Andean continental margin. Updated sea-floor kinematics associated with a comprehensive review of geologic, geochemical, and geophysical data provide new constraints on the geodynamics of this puzzling area. We discuss: (1) the emplacement mode for the Pleistocene Taitao Ridge and the Pliocene Taitao Peninsula ophiolite bodies. (2) The occurrence of these ophiolitic complexes in association with five adakite-like plutonic and volcanic centers of similar ages at the same restricted locations. (3) The inferences from the co-occurrence of these sub-coeval rocks originating from the same subducting oceanic lithosphere evolving through drastically different temperature–pressure (P–T) path: low-grade greenschist facies overprint and amphibolite-eclogite transition, respectively. (4) The evidences that document ridge-jump events and associated microplate individualization during subduction of the SCR1 and SCR-1 segments: the Chonos and Cabo Elena microplates, respectively. The ridge-jump process associated with the occurrence of several closely spaced transform faults entering subduction is controlling slab fragmentation, ophiolite emplacement, and adakite-like production and location in the CTJ area. Kinematic inconsistencies in the development of the Patagonia slab window document an 11- km westward jump for the SCR-1 spreading segment at ~6.5-to-6.8 Ma. The SCR-1 spreading center is relocated beneath the North Patagonia Icefield (NPI). We argue that the deep-seated difference in the dynamically sustained origin of the high reliefs of the North and South Patagonia Icefield (NPI and SPI) is asthenospheric convection and slab melting, respectively. The Chile Triple Junction area provides the basic constraints to define the basic signatures for spreading-ridge subduction beneath an Andean-type margin.

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Acknowledgments

Jacques Bourgois, Maria Eugenia Cisternas, and Jose Frutos acknowledge funding from the ECOS program that allowed us to organize two field expeditions in the Taitao and Tres Montes peninsulas area. The first one, mainly funded by the Institut des Sciences de l’Univers (INSU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France in 1992, was done using the Oxxean Tres fishing-boat (Puerto Montt). The second one has used a helicopter provided by a mining company thanks to one of us (Jose Frutos). In addition, we thank the Shipboard scientific party and the crew involved in the CTJ campaign of the R/V L’Atalante (JB, Chief Scientist). We thank William L. Bandy and an anonymous reviewer for thoughtful reviews that greatly improved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Case 110, 4, place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France

    Jacques Bourgois

  2. Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Rennes, Geosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, B14B, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France

    Yves Lagabrielle

  3. Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IRD-OPGC, 5 rue Kessler, 63038, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France

    Hervé Martin

  4. Géosciences Marines, Institut de Physique du Globe (IPGP), 1, rue Jussieu, 75238, Paris Cedex 05, France

    Jérôme Dyment

  5. San Juan de Luz 4060, Depto. 703, Providencia, Santiago, Chile

    Jose Frutos

  6. Instituto de Geologia Economica Aplicada (GEA), Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción, Chile

    Maria Eugenia Cisternas

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  1. Jacques Bourgois
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  2. Yves Lagabrielle
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  3. Hervé Martin
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  4. Jérôme Dyment
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  5. Jose Frutos
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  6. Maria Eugenia Cisternas
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Correspondence to Jacques Bourgois.

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Bourgois, J., Lagabrielle, Y., Martin, H. et al. A Review on Forearc Ophiolite Obduction, Adakite-Like Generation, and Slab Window Development at the Chile Triple Junction Area: Uniformitarian Framework for Spreading-Ridge Subduction. Pure Appl. Geophys. 173, 3217–3246 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-016-1317-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-016-1317-9

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