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Kinematic 3-D Retro-Modeling of an Orogenic Bend in the South Limón Fold-and-Thrust Belt, Eastern Costa Rica: Prediction of the Incremental Internal Strain Distribution

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Abstract

The South Limón fold-and-thrust belt, in the back-arc area of southern Costa Rica, is characterized by a 90° curvature of the strike of the thrust planes and is therefore a natural laboratory for the analysis of curved orogens. The analysis of curved fold-and-thrust belts is a challenge because of the varying structural orientations within the belt. Based on seismic reflection lines, we created a 3-D subsurface model containing three major thrust faults and three stratigraphic horizons. 3-D kinematic retro-deformation modeling was carried out to analyze the spatial evolution of the fold-and-thrust belt. The maximum amount of displacement on each of the faults is (from hinterland to foreland); thrust 1: 800 m; thrust 2: 600 m; thrust 3: 250 m. The model was restored sequentially to its pre-deformational state. The strain history of the stratigraphic horizons in the model was calculated at every step. This shows that the internal strain pattern has an abrupt change at the orogenic bend. Contractional strain occurs in the forelimbs of the hanging-wall anticlines, while a zone of dilative strain spreads from the anticline crests to the backlimbs. The modeling shows that a NNE-directed transport direction best explains the structural evolution of the bend. This would require a left-lateral strike-slip zone in the North to compensate for the movement and thereby decoupling the South Limón fold-and-thrust belt from northern Costa Rica. Therefore, our modeling supports the presence of the Trans-Isthmic fault system, at least during the Plio-Pleistocene.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to W. Bandy for the opportunity to contribute to this volume and his editorial comments. We thank H. Seyfried and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful and encouraging remarks. We would like to thank the Costa Rican Ministry of Environment and Energy (MINAE) for providing the seismic data. Midland Valley is gratefully thanked for an academic license for Move™.

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  1. Institut für Geologie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße, 30167, Hannover, Germany

    Christian Brandes & Jutta Winsemann

  2. Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG), Stilleweg 2, 30655, Hannover, Germany

    David C. Tanner

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Brandes, C., Tanner, D.C. & Winsemann, J. Kinematic 3-D Retro-Modeling of an Orogenic Bend in the South Limón Fold-and-Thrust Belt, Eastern Costa Rica: Prediction of the Incremental Internal Strain Distribution. Pure Appl. Geophys. 173, 3341–3356 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-016-1263-6

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