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Thermodynamical Structure of Atmosphere during Pre-monsoon Thunderstorm Season over Kharagpur as Revealed by STORM Data

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Abstract

Variation of atmospheric thermodynamical structure parameters between days of thunderstorm occurrence and non-occurrence is presented based on data sets obtained during Severe Thunderstorm-Observations and Regional Modeling (STORM) experiments conducted over Kharagpur (22.3°N, 87.2°E) in pre-monsoon season of 2009 and 2010. Potential instability (stable to neutral) is noticed in the lower layers and enhanced (suppressed) convection in the middle troposphere during thunderstorm (non-thunderstorm) days. Low-level jets are observed during all days of the experimental period but with higher intensity on thunderstorm days. Convective available potential energy (CAPE) builds up until thunderstorm occurrence and becomes dissipated soon after, whereas convective inhibition (CIN) is greatly decreased prior to the event on thunderstorm days. In contrast, higher CAPE and CIN are noticed on non-thunderstorm days. Analysis of thermodynamic indices showed that indices including moisture [humidity index (HI) and dew point temperature at 850 hPa (DPT850)] are useful in differentiating thunderstorm from non-thunderstorm days. The present study reveals that significant moisture availability in the lower troposphere in the presence of convective instability conditions results in thunderstorm occurrence at Kharagpur.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, New Delhi for providing funding in conducting field experiments and research under project ES/48/STORM/011/2006 in the STORM programme during pre-monsoon months at Kharagpur. We acknowledge with thanks the STORM Advisory Committee for providing necessary information about thunderstorm events. We are grateful to Mr. D. Pradhan, DDGM, India Meteorological Department, Kolkata for providing radar imagery and information regarding thunderstorm occurrence over the study region. The authors are also grateful to Prof. P. V. Joseph, UGC visiting professor, Department of Atmospheric Science, Cochin University of Science and Technology for his valuable suggestions. The authors would like to thank Dr. M. Mandal, CORAL for providing tower observations. B.T. would like to acknowledge the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, for providing a fellowship for conducting research. N.K.V. would like to acknowledge the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for funding of his research work. The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions in improving the quality of this work.

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Correspondence to A. N. V. Satyanarayana.

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Tyagi, B., Satyanarayana, A.N.V. & Vissa, N.K. Thermodynamical Structure of Atmosphere during Pre-monsoon Thunderstorm Season over Kharagpur as Revealed by STORM Data. Pure Appl. Geophys. 170, 675–687 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-012-0566-5

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