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Gene regulatory network from cranial neural crest cells to osteoblast differentiation and calvarial bone development

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Abstract

Calvarial bone is one of the most complex sequences of developmental events in embryology, featuring a uniquely transient, pluripotent stem cell-like population known as the cranial neural crest (CNC). The skull is formed through intramembranous ossification with distinct tissue lineages (e.g. neural crest derived frontal bone and mesoderm derived parietal bone). Due to CNC’s vast cell fate potential, in response to a series of inductive secreted cues including BMP/TGF-β, Wnt, FGF, Notch, Hedgehog, Hippo and PDGF signaling, CNC enables generations of a diverse spectrum of differentiated cell types in vivo such as osteoblasts and chondrocytes at the craniofacial level. In recent years, since the studies from a genetic mouse model and single-cell sequencing, new discoveries are uncovered upon CNC patterning, differentiation, and the contribution to the development of cranial bones. In this review, we summarized the differences upon the potential gene regulatory network to regulate CNC derived osteogenic potential in mouse and human, and highlighted specific functions of genetic molecules from multiple signaling pathways and the crosstalk, transcription factors and epigenetic factors in orchestrating CNC commitment and differentiation into osteogenic mesenchyme and bone formation. Disorders in gene regulatory network in CNC patterning indicate highly close relevance to clinical birth defects and diseases, providing valuable transgenic mouse models for subsequent discoveries in delineating the underlying molecular mechanisms. We also emphasized the potential regenerative alternative through scientific discoveries from CNC patterning and genetic molecules in interfering with or alleviating clinical disorders or diseases, which will be beneficial for the molecular targets to be integrated for novel therapeutic strategies in the clinic.

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Abbreviations

CNC:

Cranial neural crest cells

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic proteins

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factors

Fb:

Frontal bone

Pb:

Parietal bone

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

Hh:

Hedgehog signaling

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  1. Junguang Liao, Yuping Huang, Qiang Wang, and Sisi Chen contributed equally to this work.

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  1. College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China

    Junguang Liao, Yuping Huang, Qiang Wang, Sisi Chen, Chenyang Zhang, Dan Wang, Zhengbing Lv & Guiqian Chen

  2. Department of Orthopedics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Surgery in Orthopaedics & Skeletal Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, 314001, China

    Xingen Zhang

  3. Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Mengrui Wu & Guiqian Chen

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JL, YH, QW, SC, CZ, DW, ZL, XZ: data analysis, literature formation. GC, MW: supervision and grant holder.

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This work was supported by grants by the Zhejiang Qianjiang Talent Program (21040040-E), a startup grant from Zhejiang SCI-TECH University (18042290-Y; 2021Q031), Department of Sci-Tech of Zhejiang Province (LGF19H140002), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81400489) and Jiaxing Science Technology Foundation (2020AY10001).

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Liao, J., Huang, Y., Wang, Q. et al. Gene regulatory network from cranial neural crest cells to osteoblast differentiation and calvarial bone development. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 79, 158 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-022-04208-2

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