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Engineered-extracellular vesicles as an optimistic tool for microRNA delivery for osteoarthritis treatment

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Abstract

Worldwide, osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases. In OA, profiling gene expression changes occur and cartilage tissue homeostasis is lost. Suggestions for OA treatment include regulation of gene expressions via the use of microRNAs (miRNAs). However, problems exist with the use of miRNAs, the most important of which is the delivery of sufficient amounts of effective miRNAs to save cartilage tissue. The engineering of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with the use of advanced techniques would be an efficient OA treatment. Therefore, we discuss the importance of miRNAs in terms of cartilage tissue regeneration and review recent advances in production of enriched EVs and miRNA delivery by EVs for future clinical applications.

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Abbreviations

2D:

Two-dimensional

3′ UTR:

3′ Untranslated region

3D:

Three-dimensional

ACI:

Autologous chondrocyte implantation

AD-MSCs:

Adipose-derived MSCs

BM-MSCs:

Bone marrow-derived MSCs

COL II:

Type II collagen

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

FUT1:

Fucosyltransferase 1

GAGs:

Glycosaminoglycans

hBM-MSCs:

Human bone marrow MSCs

HDAC4:

Histone deacetylase 4

HEK293:

Human embryonic kidney cell line 293

HPGD:

15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase

IL-1β:

Interleukin-1β

miRNA:

MicroRNAs

MMP-13:

Matrix metallopeptidase 13*

MSC:

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell

MSC-EVs:

MSC-extracellular vesicles

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

MVBs:

Multivesicular bodies

MVs:

Microvesicles

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-κB

OA:

Osteoarthritis

OACs:

Osteoarthritic chondrocytes

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PGs:

Proteoglycans

PPARA:

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

Runx2:

Runt-related transcription factor2

SDSCs:

Synovium-derived MSCs

SMAD:

Sma and Mad related

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

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  1. Abazar Esmaeili and Samaneh Hosseini contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran

    Abazar Esmaeili, Samaneh Hosseini & Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad

  2. Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran

    Abazar Esmaeili

  3. Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran

    Samaneh Hosseini

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Esmaeili, A., Hosseini, S. & Baghaban Eslaminejad, M. Engineered-extracellular vesicles as an optimistic tool for microRNA delivery for osteoarthritis treatment. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 78, 79–91 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-020-03585-w

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