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The role of dietary carbohydrates in organismal aging

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Abstract

Carbohydrates are essential nutrients that are used as a primary source of energy. Carbohydrate utilization should be properly controlled, as abnormal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism is associated with diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and stroke. These metabolic syndromes have become a serious problem in developed countries, and there is an increased need for research examining the influence of carbohydrates on animal physiology. Diets enriched in glucose, a major carbohydrate, are also associated with accelerated aging in several model organisms, including yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Genetic factors that mediate the effects of high glucose diets on aging have been identified during the last decade, mostly through the use of C. elegans. In this review, we describe studies that determine the effects of carbohydrate-enriched diets on aging by focusing on the mechanisms through which evolutionarily conserved pathways mediate the lifespan-altering effects of glucose in C. elegans. These include the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1, sterol-regulatory element-binding protein, and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. We also discuss the effects of various carbohydrates and carbohydrate-derived metabolites on aging in model organisms and cultured mammalian cells. Finally, we discuss how dietary carbohydrates influence health and aging in humans.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Murat Artan and other Lee lab members for helpful comments. This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean government (Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning; NRF-2012R1A4A1028200) and a Grant of the Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health and Welfare (HI14C2337 to S.-J.V.L.).

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  1. Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, South Korea

    Dongyeop Lee, Heehwa G. Son, Yoonji Jung & Seung-Jae V. Lee

  2. School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, South Korea

    Seung-Jae V. Lee

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Lee, D., Son, H.G., Jung, Y. et al. The role of dietary carbohydrates in organismal aging. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 74, 1793–1803 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-016-2432-6

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