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Brain response to calorie restriction

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences volume 70, pages 3157–3170 (2013)Cite this article

Abstract

Calorie restriction extends longevity and delays ageing in model organisms and mammals, opposing the onset and progression of an array of age-related diseases. These beneficial effects also extend to the maintenance of brain cognitive functions at later age and to the prevention, at least in rodents, of brain senescence and associated neurodegenerative disorders. In recent years, the molecular mechanisms underlying brain response to calorie restriction have begun to be elucidated, revealing the unanticipated role of a number of key nutrient sensors and nutrient-triggered signaling cascades in the translation of metabolic cues into cellular and molecular events that ultimately lead to increased cell resistance to stress, enhanced synaptic plasticity, and improved cognitive performance. Of note, the brain’s role in CR also includes the activation of nutrient-sensitive hypothalamic circuitries and the implementation of neuroendocrine responses that impact the entire organism. The present review addresses emerging molecular themes in brain response to dietary restriction, and the implications of this knowledge for the understanding and the prevention of brain disorders associated with ageing and metabolic disease.

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Acknowledgments

The authors apologize to all the colleagues whose important work could not be properly cited in this review due to space constraints. The authors are indebted to professors Claudio Grassi (Institute of Human Physiology, Catholic University Medical School), and Achille Cittadini (Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University Medical School) and to members of the laboratory for their helpful comments and suggestions. Original work from the authors’ laboratory was funded by Catholic University Intramural Grants (linea D1 and linea D3.2) and by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR, ex 60 %).

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  1. Institute of General Pathology, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Catholic University Medical School, Largo F. Vito 1, Basic Science Building, room 405, Rome, Italy

    Salvatore Fusco & Giovambattista Pani

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  1. Salvatore Fusco
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Correspondence to Giovambattista Pani.

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Fusco, S., Pani, G. Brain response to calorie restriction. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 70, 3157–3170 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-012-1223-y

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