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Human body temperature and new approaches to constructing temperature-sensitive bacterial vaccines

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Abstract

Many of the live human and animal vaccines that are currently in use are attenuated by virtue of their temperature-sensitive (TS) replication. These vaccines are able to function because they can take advantage of sites in mammalian bodies that are cooler than the core temperature, where TS vaccines fail to replicate. In this article, we discuss the distribution of temperature in the human body, and relate how the temperature differential can be exploited for designing and using TS vaccines. We also examine how one of the coolest organs of the body, the skin, contains antigen-processing cells that can be targeted to provoke the desired immune response from a TS vaccine. We describe traditional approaches to making TS vaccines, and highlight new information and technologies that are being used to create a new generation of engineered TS vaccines. We pay particular attention to the recently described technology of substituting essential genes from Arctic bacteria for their homologues in mammalian pathogens as a way of creating TS vaccines.

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The authors thank Jordon Drew for artwork and Sheila Potter for editorial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada

    Matthew D. White

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P6, Canada

    Barry N. Duplantis & Francis E. Nano

  3. Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA

    Catharine M. Bosio

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White, M.D., Bosio, C.M., Duplantis, B.N. et al. Human body temperature and new approaches to constructing temperature-sensitive bacterial vaccines. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 68, 3019–3031 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0734-2

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