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An ancient cytokine, astakine, mediates circadian regulation of invertebrate hematopoiesis

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Abstract

Invertebrate circulating hemocytes are key players in the innate immune defense and their continuous renewal from hematopoietic tissues is tightly regulated in crustaceans by astakine, a new family of cytokines sharing a prokineticin (PROK) domain. In vertebrates, brain PROKs function as transmitters of circadian rhythms and we present evidence that hemocyte release from hematopoietic tissues in crayfish is under circadian regulation, a direct result of rhythmic expression of astakine. We demonstrate that the observed variation in astakine expression has an impact on innate immunity assessed as susceptibility to a pathogenic Pseudomonas species. These findings enlighten the importance of comparing immune responses at fixed times not to neglect circadian regulation of innate immunity. Moreover, our results entail an evolutionary conserved function for prokineticins as mediators of circadian rhythm, and for the first time show a role for this domain in circadian regulation of hematopoiesis that may have implications also in vertebrates.

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Abbreviations

HLS:

Hemocyte lysate supernatant

HPT:

Hematopoietic tissue

PROK:

Prokineticin

SCN:

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

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Acknowledgments

This work was financed by the Swedish Science Research Council and Formas.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden

    Apiruck Watthanasurorot, Kenneth Söderhäll, Pikul Jiravanichpaisal & Irene Söderhäll

  2. Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    Pikul Jiravanichpaisal

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  1. Apiruck Watthanasurorot
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  2. Kenneth Söderhäll
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  3. Pikul Jiravanichpaisal
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  4. Irene Söderhäll
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Correspondence to Irene Söderhäll.

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Watthanasurorot, A., Söderhäll, K., Jiravanichpaisal, P. et al. An ancient cytokine, astakine, mediates circadian regulation of invertebrate hematopoiesis. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 68, 315–323 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-010-0458-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-010-0458-8

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