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B Cells: From Early Development to Regulating Allergic Diseases

  • Review
  • Published:
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis Aims and scope

Abstract

B lymphocytes are characterized by a unique and highly specialized developmental pathway that is responsible for their vast phenotypic and function diversity. B cell development is strictly regulated to ensure sufficient specific humoral immunity while at the same time avoiding any errors that would compromise B cell functionality. The generation and maintenance of mature B cells from the constant flux of bone marrow progenitors is a complex process that is generally poorly understood, although great progress has been made in recent years. B cells have for long been considered mainly as antibody-producing cells and therefore believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases, primarily through their ability to produce IgE antibodies. However, recent findings have revealed new aspects of their role in immune responses that place them again under the spotlight as important immune regulators, independent of antibody production. This review focuses on the developmental processes responsible for the numerous phenotypes and functions of the B-lymphocyte pool and the different aspects of effector B cell functionality in the context of allergy.

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Abbreviations

APC:

Antigen-presenting cell

BAFF:

B cell-activating factor of the TNF family

BcR:

B cell receptor

BM:

Bone marrow

CLPs:

Common lymphoid progenitors

DC:

Dendritic cell

EBF1:

Early B cell factor 1

ELPs:

Early lymphoid progenitors

EPLMs:

Early progenitors with lymphoid and myeloid potential

Flt3:

FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3

FO:

Follicular

GC:

Germinal center

HSCs:

Hematopoietic stem cells

Ig:

Immunoglobulin

LMPPs:

Lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors

MPPs:

Multipotent progenitors

MZ:

Marginal zone

Pax5:

Paired box protein 5

SCA1:

Stem cell antigen 1

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

VCAM-1:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1

Xid:

X-linked immunodeficiency

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Nikos Koulaxidis and Maria Papadomanolaki for their valuable help in the artistic processing of the figures included in this review.

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  1. Krefting Research Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Konstantinos Samitas, Jan Lötvall & Apostolos Bossios

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  1. Konstantinos Samitas
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  3. Apostolos Bossios
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Correspondence to Apostolos Bossios.

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Samitas, K., Lötvall, J. & Bossios, A. B Cells: From Early Development to Regulating Allergic Diseases. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 58, 209–225 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-010-0073-2

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