Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Menu
Find a journal Publish with us
Search
Cart
  1. Home
  2. Nexus Network Journal
  3. Article

Differentiating between Line and Point Maps Using Spatial Experience: Considering Richard Neutra’s Lovell House

  • Research
  • Published: 27 October 2012
  • volume 15, pages 63–81 (2013)
Download PDF
Nexus Network Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript
Differentiating between Line and Point Maps Using Spatial Experience: Considering Richard Neutra’s Lovell House
Download PDF
  • Michael J. Ostwald1 &
  • Michael Dawes1 
  • 4519 Accesses

  • 10 Citations

  • Explore all metrics

Cite this article

Abstract

Space Syntax researchers have demonstrated methods for mapping and analysing zones (rooms) and lines (paths) in plans. One Space Syntax technique that is rarely used is focussed on the mapping of points (intersections) in architectural plans, and is an inversion of a more common approach to the mapping of lines (paths) in plans. From a graph theory perspective, the former point map is a dual of the latter, primal line map; meaning the two are numerically comparable. In this paper such a comparison is used to investigate if there is any difference between the capacity of line and point maps to suggest the spatial experience of the individual. The case study chosen to develop such a comparative analysis is Richard Neutra's Lovell House. This design is mapped, using both line and point techniques, and mathematically analysed to determine the socially significant paths and intersections. A selected investigation of the intelligibility implications of these lines and points along with their three-dimensional properties is then developed. The paper concludes that there is some evidence that, for point and line maps with similar mathematical properties, point maps are more successful at suggesting the experiential qualities of space.

Article PDF

Download to read the full article text

Use our pre-submission checklist

Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

References

  • Aspinall, Peter. 1993. Aspects of Spatial Experience and Structure. Pp. 334-341 in Companion to Contemporary Architectural Thought, Ben Farmer, Hentie Louw, eds. London: Routledge.

  • Batty, Michael. 2004. A New Theory of Space Syntax. London: University College London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batty, Michael, and Rui Carvalho. 2003. A Rigorous Definition of Axial Lines: Ridges on Isovist Fields. London: University College London.

  • Benedikt Michael. (1979) To take hold of space: isovists and isovist view fields. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 6(1): 47–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benedikt, Michael and Clarke. A. Burnham. 1985, Perceiving Architectural Space: From Optic Arrays to Isovists. pp. 103-114. in Persistence and Change, First International Conference on Event Perception, L. W. H. Warren and R. E. Shaw eds. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

  • Boesiger, Willy. 1964. Richard Neutra 1923-50. New York: Frederick A. Praeger Inc.

  • Conroy, Ruth. 2001. Spatial navigation in immersive virtual environments. Ph.D. Dissertation, London: University of London.

  • Dawes, Michael and Michael J. Ostwald. 2011. Lines of Sight, Paths of Socialization: An Axial Line Analysis of Five Domestic Designs by Richard Neutra. The International Journal of the Constructed Environment 1, 4: 1-28.

  • Desyllas, Jake. 2000. The relationship between urban street configuration and office rent patterns in Berlin. London: University College London.

  • Dovey, Kim. 1993. Putting Geometry in its Place: Toward a Phenomenology of the Design Process. Pp. 246-250 in Dwelling, Seeing and Designing. David Seamon ed. Albany: State University of New York Press.

  • Ellard, Colin. 2009. You Are Here. New York: Random House.

  • Hansen Walter G. (1959) How Accessibility Shapes Land Use. Journal of the American Institute of Planners 25(2): 73–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson Julienne (1998) Decoding Homes and Houses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Haq, Saif and Sara GIROTTO. 2003. Ability and Intelligibility: Wayfinding and Environmental Cognition in the Designed Environment. Pp. 68.61-68.20 in Proceedings 4th International Space Syntax Symposium. London.

  • Hillier Bill. (1996) Space is the machine. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillier Bill., Richard BRUDETT., John PEPONIS., Alan PENN. (1987) Creating Life: or does architecture determine anything?. Architecture & Behaviour 3(3): 233–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillier Bill., Julienne Hanson. (1984) The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hillier Bill., Alan PENN. (2004) Rejoinder to Carlo Ratti. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 31(4): 501–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillier, Bill and Simon SHU. 2000. Crime and Urban Layout: The need for evidence. Pp. 224- 248 in Secure Foundations: Key issues in crime prevention, crime reduction and community safety. S. Ballintyne, P. K. Pease and V. McLaren. eds. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.

  • HINES, Thomas S. 2009. Richard Neutra and the Search for Modern Architecture. New York: Rizzoli.

  • Jiang Bin., Christophe Claramunt. (2002) Integration of space syntax into GIS: New Perspectives for Urban Morphology. Transactions in GIS 6(3): 295–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang Bin., Christophe Claramunt. 2004. Topological analysis of urban street networks. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 31, 1: 151-162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kansky, K J. 1963. Structure of Transportation Networks: Relationships Between Network Geometry and Regional Characteristics. Ph.D. Dissertation, Chicago: University of Chicago.

  • Lovell, Phillip. 1929. Care of the body. Los Angeles, Sunday Times Magazine. Los Angeles. December 15: 26.

  • March, Lionel and Phillip Steadman. 1971. The Geometry of Environment. London: Methuen.

  • McCoy, Esther. 1960. Richard Neutra. New York: George Braziller Inc.

  • Montello, Daniel R. 1998. A New Framework for Understanding the Acquisition of Spatial Knowledge in Large-scale Environments. pp. 143-154. in Spatial and Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Information Systems. M. J. Egenhofer, R. G. Golledge. eds. New York: Oxford University Press.

  • Montello, Daniel R. 2003. Regions in Geography: Process and Content. Pp. 173-189 in Foundations of Geographic Information Science. M. Duckham, M.F. Goodchild, M.F. Worboys. eds. London: Taylor & Francis.

  • Montello, Daniel R. 2007. The contribution of space syntax to a comprehensive theory of environmental psychology. Pp. iv01-iv12 in Proceedings, 6th International Space Syntax Symposium, Istanbul.

  • Neutra, Richard. 1956. Life and Human Habitat. Stuttgart: Mensch und Wohnen.

  • O'Gorman, James. 2007. Neff and Neutra: regionalism versus Internationalism. Pp 214-224 in Architectural Regionalism : Collected Writings on Place, Identity, Modernity, and Tradition, V. B. Canizaro, ed. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.

  • Ostwald, Michael J. 2011. The Mathematics of Spatial Configuration: Revisiting, Revising and Critiquing Justified Plan Graph Theory. Nexus Network Journal 13, 2 (Summer 2011): 445- 470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostwald Michael J, Michael Dawes. (2011) Axial Line Analysis Revisited: Reconsidering its Value for Architecture. The International Journal of the Constructed Environment 1(3): 219–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Pallasmaa, Juhani. 1996. The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses. New York: Wiley.

  • Penn Alan. (2003) Space Syntax and Spatial Cognition. Or why the Axial Line? Environment and Behavior 35: 30–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peponis, John and Jean Wineman 2002. Spatial Structure of Environment and Behavior. pp. 271-291. Handbook of Environmental Psychology. R. Bechtel and A. Churchman eds. New York: John Wiley.

  • Peponis John, Jean Wineman, Mahbub Rashid, Sonit Bafna, Kim H.S. (1998) Describing plan configuration according to the covisibility of surfaces. Planning and design 25(5): 693–708

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peponis John, Jean Wineman, Mahbub Rashid, Sonit Bafna, Kim H.S. 1997. On the Generation of Linear Representations of Spatial Configuration. Pp. 41.01-41.18 in Proceedings of the First Space Syntax International Symposium. London.

  • Porta Sergio, Paolo Crucitti, Latora Vito. (2006) The network analysis of urban streets: A dual approach. Physica 369(2): 853–886

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porta Sergio, Paolo Crucitti, Latora Vito. The network analysis of urban streets: A primal approach. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 33, 5: 705-725.

  • RASHID, Mahbub, Jean Wineman and Craig Zimring. 2009. Space behavior and environmental perception in open plan offices: a prospective study. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 36, 3: 432-449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratti, Carlo. 2004a. Urban texture and space syntax: some inconsistencies. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 31, 4: 487-499.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratti, Carlo.. 2004b. Rejoinder to Hillier and Penn. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 31, 4: 513-516.

  • READ Stephen. (1999) Space syntax and the Dutch city. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 26(2): 251–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sack, Manfred. 1992. Richard Neutra. Zurich, Artemis Verlags AG.

  • Seppanen, Jouku, andJames M. MOORE. 1970. Facilities Planning with Graph Theory. Management Science 17, 4: 242-253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steadman, Phillip. 1983. Architectural Morphology: An Introduction to the Geometry of Building Plans. London: Pion Limited.

  • Taaffe, Edward James, Howard L. GAUTHIER and Morton E. O’KELLY. 1973. Geography of Transportation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

  • Thiis-Evensen, Thomas. 1987. Archetypes in Architecture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  • Turner, Alasdair. 2005. Could A Road Centre Line Be An Axial Line In Disguise. Pp. 149-159 in Proceedings of the 5th International Space Syntax Symposium. Delft.

  • Turner, Alasdair. 2007. From axial to road-centre lines: a new representation for space syntax and a new model of route choice for transportation network analysis. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 34, 3: 539-555.

  • TURNER Alasdair., Maria DOXA., David O’SULLIVAN., Alan PENN. (2001) From isovists to visibility graphs: a methodology for the analysis of architectural space. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 28(1): 103–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner Alasdair., Alan Penn., Bill Hillier. (2005) An algorythmic definition of the axial map. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 32(3): 425–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ueno, Jumpei, Aya Nakazawa and Tatsuya Kishimoto. 2009. An Analysis of Pedestrian Movement in Multilevel Complex by Space Syntax Theory. Pp. 118.1-118.12 in Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium, Stockholm.

  • Wilson, Alan G. 1970. Entropy in Urban and Regional Modelling. London: Pion.

  • Yoon, Chaeshin. 2009. Alternative Geometry for Space Syntax. Pp. 133:1-133:12 in Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium, Stockholm.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Architecture and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia

    Michael J. Ostwald & Michael Dawes

Authors
  1. Michael J. Ostwald
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael Dawes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael J. Ostwald.

About this article

Cite this article

Ostwald, M.J., Dawes, M. Differentiating between Line and Point Maps Using Spatial Experience: Considering Richard Neutra’s Lovell House. Nexus Netw J 15, 63–81 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00004-012-0134-4

Download citation

  • Published: 27 October 2012

  • Issue Date: April 2013

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00004-012-0134-4

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Keywords

  • Space syntax
  • axial line analysis
  • intersection analysis
  • graph mathematics
  • Richard Neutra
  • Lovell House
Use our pre-submission checklist

Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

Advertisement

search

Navigation

  • Find a journal
  • Publish with us

Discover content

  • Journals A-Z
  • Books A-Z

Publish with us

  • Publish your research
  • Open access publishing

Products and services

  • Our products
  • Librarians
  • Societies
  • Partners and advertisers

Our imprints

  • Springer
  • Nature Portfolio
  • BMC
  • Palgrave Macmillan
  • Apress
  • Your US state privacy rights
  • Accessibility statement
  • Terms and conditions
  • Privacy policy
  • Help and support

18.206.12.157

Not affiliated

Springer Nature

© 2023 Springer Nature