Abstract
Ultra-low mass primordial black holes (PBH), which may briefly dominate the energy density of the universe but completely evaporate before the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), can lead to interesting observable signatures. In our previous work, we studied the generation of a doubly peaked spectrum of induced stochastic gravitational wave background (ISGWB) for such a scenario and explored the possibility of probing a class of baryogenesis models wherein the emission of massive unstable particles from the PBH evaporation and their subsequent decay contributes to the matter-antimatter asymmetry. In this work, we extend the scope of our earlier work by including spinning PBHs and consider the emission of light relativistic dark sector particles, which contribute to the dark radiation (DR) and massive stable dark sector particles, thereby accounting for the dark matter (DM) component of the universe. The ISGWB can probe the non-thermal production of these heavy DM particles, which cannot be accessible in laboratory searches. For the case of DR, we find a novel complementarity between the measurements of ∆Neff from these emitted particles and the ISGWB from PBH domination. Our results indicate that the ISGWB has a weak dependence on the initial PBH spin. However, for gravitons as the DR particles, the initial PBH spin plays a significant role, and only above a critical value of the initial spin parameter a*, which depends only on initial PBH mass, the graviton emission can be probed in the CMB-HD experiment. Upcoming CMB experiments such as CMB-HD and CMB-Bharat, together with future GW detectors like LISA and ET, open up an exciting possibility of constraining the PBHs parameter space providing deeper insights into the expansion history of the universe between the end of inflation and BBN.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Lucien Heurtier for useful discussions and suggestions about FRISBHEE. NB thanks Yashi Tiwari, Ranjan Laha, and Akash Kumar Saha for helpful discussions and suggestions. This work was supported by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange within Polish Returns Programme under agreement PPN/PPO/2020/1/00013/U/00001 and the Polish National Science Center grant 2018/31/D/ST2/02048. RKJ acknowledges financial support from the new faculty seed start-up grant of the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru; Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, through the Core Research Grant CRG/2018/002200 and the Infosys Foundation, Bengaluru, India, through the Infosys Young Investigator Award.
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Bhaumik, N., Ghoshal, A., Jain, R.K. et al. Distinct signatures of spinning PBH domination and evaporation: doubly peaked gravitational waves, dark relics and CMB complementarity. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 169 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2023)169
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2023)169