Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

An importance of the geological investigations in Kavaklıdere geothermal field (Turkey)

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The geological characteristics of a Kavaklıdere geothermal field is of particular importance during the evaluation of a geothermal prospect. The field covers a 126 km2 area between Alaşehir and Salihli districts in Manisa province, Turkey. The field was mapped geologically at the scale of 1/25.000 in order to determine heat source(s) and various characteristics of rock sequences, such as their lithofacies, thickness, contact relationships, stratigraphy, and whether there are cap and/or reservoir rocks exposed in and adjacent to the field. In the Kavaklıdere geothermal field, 38 fault planes in total were measured, including 7 detachment faults, 15 high-angle normal faults, 2 low-angle normal faults and 13 shear fractures/strike-slip faults (scissor faults). Temperatures in the Kavaklıdere geothermal field range from 188 to 287 °C. Permeability in the reservoir consists of a network of fractures in hard metamorphic rocks a short distance above a granitic intrusion. In this study, in the Kavaklıdere geothermal field about the formation of geothermal model, the evaluations are made about the reservoirs, cap rock, recharge, heat source and prepared geothermal model.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bozkurt E (2003) Origin of NE-trending basins in western Turkey. Geodin Acta 16:61–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Catlos EJ, Çemen I (2005) Monazite ages and rapid exhumation of the Menderes Massif, western Turkey. Int J Earth Sci 94:204–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Çiftçi NB, Bozkurt E (2009) Pattern of normal faulting in the Gediz Graben, SW Turkey. Tectonophysics 473:234–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickson MH, Fanelli M (2004) What is Geothermal Energy? Home page: http://iga.igg.cnr.it/geo/geoenergy.php

  • Emre T (1996) Gediz grabeninin jeolojisi ve tektoniği (Geology and tectonics of the Gediz graben). Turk J Earth Sci 5:171–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Emre T, Sözbilir H (1995) Field evidence for metamnorphic core complex, detachment faulting and accommodation faults in the Gediz and Büyük Menderes grabens, western Anatolia. In: Piskin O, Ergun M, Savascın MY, Tarcan G (eds) International Earth Sciences Colloquium on Aegean Regions (IESCA) Proceedings, vol 1, pp 73–93

  • Erden F (1965) Salihli-Manisa gravite etüdü. MTA Report No: 3931. https://eticaret.mta.gov.tr/index.php?route=product/category&path=1 (Unpublished)

  • Gessner K, Ring U, Johnson C, Hetzel R, Passchier CW, Gungor T (2001) An active bidivergent rolling-hinge detachment system: the central Menderes metamorphic core complex in western Turkey. Geology 29:611–614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glodny J, Hetzel R (2007) Precise U-Pb ages of syn-extensional Miocene intrusions in the central Menderes Massif, Western Turkey. Geol Mag 144:235–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gökten E, Havzaoglu S, San Ö (2001) Tertiary evolution of the central Menderes Massif based on structural investigations of metamorphics and sedimentary cover rocks between Salihli and Kiraz (western Turkey). Int J Earth Sci 89:745–756

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gürsoy T (1981) Turgutlu-Alaşehir gravite jeotermal etüt raporu. MTA derleme No: 6695. https://eticaret.mta.gov.tr/index.php?route=product/category&path=1 (Unpublished)

  • Hetzel R, Ring U, Akal C, Troesch M (1995) Miocene NNE-directed extensional unroofing in the Menderes Massif, southwestern Turkey. J Geol Soc Lond 152:639–654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iztan H, Yazman M (1990) Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Alaşehir (Manisa) area, western Turkey. In: Savascin MY, Eronat AH (eds) Proceedings of International Earth Sciences Congress on Aegean Regions, Izmir, pp 327–338

  • Koçyiğit A (2014) Active tectonic evaluation of Kavaklidere (Manisa) license areas. p 52. (Unpublished)

  • Koçyiğit A, Yusufoglu H, Bozkurt E (1999) Evidence from the Gediz graben for episodic two-stage extension in western Turkey. J Geol Soc Lond 156:605–616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lips ALW, Cassard D, Sözbilir H, Yılmaz H, Wijbrans JR (2001) Multistage exhumation of the Menderes Massif, Western Anatolia (Turkey). Int J Earth Sci 89:781–792

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MASPO Inc. (2013) MASPO-4 Jeotermal üretim kuyusu bitirme raporu. p 175. http://www.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/editordosya/MASPO%20JES%20CBD.pdf (Unpublished)

  • MTA (2010) Manisa ve civari jeotermal enerji aramalari jeofizik (gravite-manyetik) etüd raporu (Yıldırım G). https://eticaret.mta.gov.tr/index.php?route=product/category&path=1 (Unpublished)

  • MTA (2011a) Manisa Alaşehir jeotermal enerji sahasi MAK-14 ve MAK-3 kuyularinin özet değerlendirilmesi (Dünya H). https://eticaret.mta.gov.tr/index.php?route=product/category&path=1 (Unpublished)

  • MTA (2011b) Manisa Alaşehir jeotermal enerji sahasi MAK-15 jeotermal kuyu geliştirme ve bitirme test raporu (Dünya H, ve Bilgiç Ö). https://eticaret.mta.gov.tr/index.php?route=product/category&path=1 (Unpublished)

  • MTA (2011c) Manisa Alaşehir jeotermal enerji sahasi MAK-14 jeotermal kuyusunun RCHP ile temizliği, asitleme-geliştirme ve bitirme test raporu (Dünya H, Bilgiç Ö, ve Akgun B). https://eticaret.mta.gov.tr/index.php?route=product/category&path=1 (Unpublished)

  • Nystuen JP (ed) (1989) Rules and recommendations for naming geological units in Norway. By the Norwegian Committee on Stratigraphy. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, vol. (Suppl 1)

  • Öner Z (2012) Supradetachment basin tectonics and the exhumation history of the Menderes core complex, Western Anatolia, Turkey. Miami University, Thesis of Doctorate of Philosophy. p 223

  • Öner Z, Dilek Y (2008) Late-stage extensional tectonics of the Menderes metamorphic core complex, Western Anatolia (Turkey), as observed in its supradetachment basin. Geol Soc Am Abstr Programs 40(6):155

    Google Scholar 

  • Öner Z, Dilek Y (2011) Supradetachment basin evolution during continental extension: the Aegean province of western Anatolia, Turkey. Geol Soc Am Bull 123:2115–2141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Purvis M, Robertson A, Pringle M (2005) 40Ar–39Ar dating of biotite and sanidine in tuffaceous sediments and related intrusive rocks: implications for the early Miocene evolution of the Gördes and Selendi basins, W Turkey. Geodin Acta 18:239–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ranjith PG, Daniel RV, Bai JC, Samintha M, Perera A (2012) Transformation plasticity and the effect of temperature on the mechanical behaviour of Hawkesbury sandstone at atmospheric pressure. Eng Geol 151:120–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ring U, Johnson C, Hetzel R, Gessner K (2003) Tectonic denudation of a late cretaceous–tertiary collisional belt: regionally symmetric cooling patterns and their relation to extensional faults in the Anatolide belt of western Turkey. Geol Mag 140:421–441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rojas LC (2013) Geologıcal surveys for geothermal exploration in Costa Rica. Presented at “Short Course V on Conceptual Modelling of Geothermal Systems”, organized by UNU-GTP and LaGeo, in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, February 24–March 2, 2013

  • Sarıkaya MA (2001) Gediz Grabeninin Alaşehir-Salihli Arasındaki Kesiminde (Karadut Çevresi) Menderes Masifi ile Tersiyer Örtü Kayaçları Arasındaki Yapısal ilişkinin İncelenmesi (The Structural Investigation of the Contact between the Menderes Massif and Tertiary Units of Gediz Graben in Alaşehir-Salihli Region (Near Karadut), Hacettepe University, Thesis of Doctor of Philosophy, p 101

  • Seyitoğlu G, Çemen I, Tekeli O (2000) Extensional folding in the Alaşehir (Gediz) graben, western Turkey. J Geol Soc Lond 157:1097–1100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Şimsek Ş (2012) Advisory report on geological-hydrogeological-geophysics and potential assessment evaluation of Manisa-Alaşehir-Kavaklıdere geothermal license areas and determination of the exploration/production/reinjection well locations. p 272 (Unpublished)

  • Singh B, Ranjith PG, Chandrasekharam D, Viete D, Singh HK, Lashin A, Al Arifi N (2015) Thermo-mechanical properties of Bundelkhand granite near Jhansi, India. Geomech Geophys Geo-Energy Geo-Resour 1(1):35–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sözbilir H (2001) Extensional tectonics and the geometry of related macroscopic structures: field evidence from the Gediz detachment, western Turkey. Turk J Earth Sci 10:51–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Türk S (2014) Sesmic structure and tectonics of the Alaşehir-Gediz graben, western Turkey, Miami University, Master of Science Thesis. p 42

  • Ünal A, ve Havur E (1971) Alaşehir-Salihli bölgesinin jeotermik enerji yönünden detay jeoloji etüdü. MTA Raporu No: 4678. https://eticaret.mta.gov.tr/index.php?route=product/category&path=1 (Unpublished)

  • Yazman MK, ve Iztan H (1990) Alaşehir’in (Manisa) jeolojisi ve petrol olanaklari. TPAO exploration group, unpublished technical report, p 18 (Unpublished)

  • Yazman MK, Güven A, Ermiş Y, Yılmaz M, Özdemir İ, Akçay Y, Gönülalan U, Tekeli Ö, Aydemir V, Sayılı A, Batı Z, İztan H, Korucu Ö (1998) Alaşehir Grabeni’nin ve Alaşehir-1 prospektinin değerlendirme raporu. TPAO Exploration Group, unpublished technical report, p 142 (Unpublished)

  • Yılmazer S, Pasvanoğlu S, Vural S (2010) The relation of geothermal resources with neotectonics in the Gediz Graben (West Anatolia, Turkey) and their hydrogeochemical analysis, world geothermal congress, 25–30 April 2010, Bali, Indonesia, pp 1151–1161

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Adil Özdemir Mühendislik, Öveçler Mah. 1322 Sok. 60/5 Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey

    A. Ozdemir

  2. Petrol ve Doğalgaz Mühendisliği Bölümü, İskenderun Teknik Üniversitesi, 31200, Iskenderun, Turkey

    E. Yasar & G. Cevik

Authors
  1. A. Ozdemir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. E. Yasar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. Cevik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Yasar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ozdemir, A., Yasar, E. & Cevik, G. An importance of the geological investigations in Kavaklıdere geothermal field (Turkey). Geomech. Geophys. Geo-energ. Geo-resour. 3, 29–49 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-016-0044-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-016-0044-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation