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Modifications of the transition flow reactor theory for the more accurate measurement of nitric acid and nitrate and ammonium ions

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Abstract

Sixty five samples were taken with a Transition Flow Reactor (TFR) for the measurement of nitric acid (HNO3) and nitrate particulates (NO −3 ), in a central Athens street having a heavy traffic density, between February 1989 and February 1990. It was established that the TFR theory overestimated HNO3 and underestimated NO −3 . This is caused by the retention of a fraction of the NO2 and a fraction of the HNO2 as NO −2 on the sampler's nylon linear. NO −2 is in turn oxidized to NO −3 and this is determined as HNO3. Two modifications of the TFR theory are proposed for a better estimation of the HNO3 and NO −3 . With the first modification HNO3 is estimated as being equal to the smaller of two values: HNO3 TFR and the value calculated if it is considered that 91% of HNO3 is retained by the nylon filter. The second modification was based on the quantification of the effect of NO2 on the concentrations of HNO3 and NO −3 . This modification is an improvement on the first one and enables the calculation of a lower limit for the concentration of HNO2. Both modifications improve the accuracy of the TFR sampler in measuring HNO3 and NO −3 , without altering it structurally. It was also found that the nylon filter partially retains some NH3, causing a negative error in the measurement of NH +4 with the TFR. The extent of NH3 retention on the nylon filter is proportional to the HNO3 concentration. This error must be taken into account whenever NH +4 is being determined.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Studies, University of the Aegean, Karantoni 17, 81100, Mytilini, Greece

    Philip D. Kirkitsos & Denis Sikiotis

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  1. Philip D. Kirkitsos
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  2. Denis Sikiotis
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Kirkitsos, P.D., Sikiotis, D. Modifications of the transition flow reactor theory for the more accurate measurement of nitric acid and nitrate and ammonium ions. Environ Monit Assess 27, 1–15 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00020682

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00020682

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