Abstract
We study energy correlations in states created by a heavy operator acting on the vacuum in a conformal field theory. We argue that the energy correlations in such states exhibit two characteristic regimes as functions of the angular separations between the calorimeters: power-like growth at small angles described by the light-ray OPE and slowly varying, or “flat”, function at larger angles. The transition between the two regimes is controlled by the scaling dimension of the heavy operator and the dynamics of the theory. We analyze this phenomenon in detail in the planar \( \mathcal{N} \) = 4 SYM theory both at weak and strong coupling. An analogous transition was previously observed in QCD in the measurement of the angular energy distribution of particles belonging to the same energetic jet. In that case it corresponds to the transition from the light-ray OPE, perturbative regime described in terms of correlations between quarks and gluons to the flat, non-perturbative regime described in terms of correlations between hadrons.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Benjamin Basso, Joao Caetano, Hao Chen, Vasco Goncalves, Jack Holguin, Shota Komatsu, Cyrille Marquet, Sasha Monin, Ian Moult, Baur Mukhametzhanov, Kyriakos Papadodimas, Riccardo Rattazzi, Kai Yan and HuaXing Zhu for useful discussions. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement number 949077). DC is supported by the French National Research Agency in the framework of the “Investissements d’avenir” program (ANR-15-IDEX-02).
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Chicherin, D., Korchemsky, G.P., Sokatchev, E. et al. Energy correlations in heavy states. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 134 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2023)134
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2023)134