Abstract
The portal connecting the invisible and visible sectors is one of the most natural explanations of the dark world. However, the early-time dark matter production via the portal faces extremely stringent late-time constraints. To solve such tension, we construct the scalar-controlled kinetic mixing varying with the ultralight CP-even scalar’s cosmological evolution. To realize this and eliminate the constant mixing, we couple the ultralight scalar within 10−33eV ≲ m0 ≪ eV with the heavy doubly charged messengers and impose the ℤ2 symmetry under the dark charge conjugation. Via the varying mixing, the keV – MeV dark photon dark matter is produced through the early-time freeze-in when the scalar is misaligned from the origin and free from the late-time exclusions when the scalar does the damped oscillation and dynamically sets the kinetic mixing. We also find that the scalar-photon coupling emerges from the underlying physics, which changes the cosmological history and provides the experimental targets based on the fine-structure constant variation and the equivalence principle violation. To ensure the scalar naturalness, we discretely re-establish the broken shift symmetry by embedding the minimal model into the ℤN-protected model. When N ~ 10, the scalar’s mass quantum correction can be suppressed much below 10−33eV.
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Acknowledgments
We want to thank Cédric Delaunay, Joshua T. Ruderman, Hyungjin Kim, Raffaele Tito D’Agnolo, Pablo Quílez, Peizhi Du, Huangyu Xiao, Erwin H. Tanin, Xuheng Luo for their helpful discussions and comments on the draft. We also want to thank Neal Weiner, John March-Russell, Ken Van Tilburg, Hongwan Liu, Asher Berlin, Isabel Garcia Garcia, Junwu Huang, Gustavo Marques Tavares, Andrea Mitridate for useful discussions. DL acknowledges funding from the French Programme d’investissements d’avenir through the Enigmass Labex. XG is supported by James Arthur Graduate Associate (JAGA) Fellowship.
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Gan, X., Liu, D. Cosmologically varying kinetic mixing. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 31 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2023)031
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2023)031