Abstract
The steeply falling jet spectrum induces a bias on the medium modifications of jet observables in heavy-ion collisions. To explore this effect, we develop a novel analytic framework to study the quenched jet spectrum and its cumulative. We include many energy-loss-related effects, such as soft and hard medium induced emissions, broadening, elastic scattering, jet fragmentation, cone size dependence, and coherence effects. We show that different observables, based on the jet spectrum, are connected, e.g., the nuclear modification, spectrum shift, and the quantile procedure. We present the first predictions for the nuclear modification factor and the quantile procedure with cone size dependence. As a concrete example, we compare dijet and boson+jet events to unfold the spectrum bias effects, and improve quark-, and gluon-jet classification using arguments based on the cumulative. Besides pointing out its flexibility, finally, we apply our framework to other energy loss models such as the hybrid weak/strong-coupling approach.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
A. J. Larkoski, I. Moult and B. Nachman, Jet substructure at the Large Hadron Collider: a review of recent advances in theory and machine learning , Phys. Rept. 841 (2020) 1 [arXiv:1709.04464] [INSPIRE].
S. Marzani, G. Soyez, and M. Spannowsky, Looking inside jets: an introduction to jet substructure and boosted-object phenomenology, Springer, Germany (2019).
M. Dasgupta, F. A. Dreyer, K. Hamilton, P. F. Monni, G. P. Salam and G. Soyez, Parton showers beyond leading logarithmic accuracy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 (2020) 052002 [arXiv:2002.11114] [INSPIRE].
R. Kogler et al., Jet substructure at the Large Hadron Collider: experimental review, Rev. Mod. Phys. 91 (2019) 045003 [arXiv:1803.06991] [INSPIRE].
M. Dasgupta, F. Dreyer, G. P. Salam and G. Soyez, Small-radius jets to all orders in QCD, JHEP 04 (2015) 039 [arXiv:1411.5182] [INSPIRE].
M. Dasgupta, F. A. Dreyer, G. P. Salam and G. Soyez, Inclusive jet spectrum for small-radius jets, JHEP 06 (2016) 057 [arXiv:1602.01110] [INSPIRE].
K. Rajagopal, A. V. Sadofyev and W. van der Schee, Evolution of the jet opening angle distribution in holographic plasma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (2016) 211603 [arXiv:1602.04187] [INSPIRE].
J. Casalderrey-Solana, Z. Hulcher, G. Milhano, D. Pablos and K. Rajagopal, Simultaneous description of hadron and jet suppression in heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rev. C 99 (2019) 051901 [arXiv:1808.07386] [INSPIRE].
Y.-L. Du, D. Pablos and K. Tywoniuk, Deep learning jet modifications in heavy-ion collisions, JHEP 21 (2020) 206 [arXiv:2012.07797] [INSPIRE].
J. Brewer, J. G. Milhano and J. Thaler, Sorting out quenched jets, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 222301 [arXiv:1812.05111] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Studies of jet quenching using isolated-photon+jet correlations in PbPb and pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s_{NN}} \) = 2.76 TeV, Phys. Lett. B 718 (2013) 773 [arXiv:1205.0206] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Study of jet quenching with Z + jet correlations in Pb-Pb and pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s_{NN}} \) = 5.02 TeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 082301 [arXiv:1702.01060] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Measurement of photon-jet transverse momentum correlations in 5.02 TeV Pb + Pb and pp collisions with ATLAS, Phys. Lett. B 789 (2019) 167 [arXiv:1809.07280] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Comparison of fragmentation functions for jets dominated by light quarks and gluons from pp and Pb+Pb collisions in ATLAS, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 (2019) 042001 [arXiv:1902.10007] [INSPIRE].
J. Brewer, J. Thaler and A. P. Turner, Data-driven quark and gluon jet modification in heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rev. C 103 (2021) L021901 [arXiv:2008.08596] [INSPIRE].
Y. He, L.-G. Pang and X.-N. Wang, Bayesian extraction of jet energy loss distributions in heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 252302 [arXiv:1808.05310] [INSPIRE].
R. Baier, Y. L. Dokshitzer, A. H. Mueller, S. Peigne and D. Schiff, Radiative energy loss and pT broadening of high-energy partons in nuclei, Nucl. Phys. B 484 (1997) 265 [hep-ph/9608322] [INSPIRE].
B. G. Zakharov, Fully quantum treatment of the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect in QED and QCD, JETP Lett. 63 (1996) 952 [hep-ph/9607440] [INSPIRE].
R. Baier, Y. L. Dokshitzer, A. H. Mueller and D. Schiff, Medium induced radiative energy loss: equivalence between the BDMPS and Zakharov formalisms, Nucl. Phys. B 531 (1998) 403 [hep-ph/9804212] [INSPIRE].
M. Gyulassy, P. Levai and I. Vitev, Reaction operator approach to nonAbelian energy loss, Nucl. Phys. B 594 (2001) 371 [nucl-th/0006010] [INSPIRE].
S. Caron-Huot and C. Gale, Finite-size effects on the radiative energy loss of a fast parton in hot and dense strongly interacting matter, Phys. Rev. C 82 (2010) 064902 [arXiv:1006.2379] [INSPIRE].
X. Feal and R. Vazquez, Intensity of gluon bremsstrahlung in a finite plasma, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 074029 [arXiv:1811.01591] [INSPIRE].
C. Andres, L. Apolinário and F. Dominguez, Medium-induced gluon radiation with full resummation of multiple scatterings for realistic parton-medium interactions, JHEP 07 (2020) 114 [arXiv:2002.01517] [INSPIRE].
Y. Mehtar-Tani, Gluon bremsstrahlung in finite media beyond multiple soft scattering approximation, JHEP 07 (2019) 057 [arXiv:1903.00506] [INSPIRE].
Y. Mehtar-Tani and K. Tywoniuk, Improved opacity expansion for medium-induced parton splitting, JHEP 06 (2020) 187 [arXiv:1910.02032] [INSPIRE].
J. Barata and Y. Mehtar-Tani, Improved opacity expansion at NNLO for medium induced gluon radiation, JHEP 10 (2020) 176 [arXiv:2004.02323] [INSPIRE].
R. Baier, Y. L. Dokshitzer, A. H. Mueller and D. Schiff, Quenching of hadron spectra in media, JHEP 09 (2001) 033 [hep-ph/0106347] [INSPIRE].
C. A. Salgado and U. A. Wiedemann, Calculating quenching weights, Phys. Rev. D 68 (2003) 014008 [hep-ph/0302184] [INSPIRE].
Y. Mehtar-Tani and K. Tywoniuk, Sudakov suppression of jets in QCD media, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 051501 [arXiv:1707.07361] [INSPIRE].
M. L. Miller, K. Reygers, S. J. Sanders and P. Steinberg, Glauber modeling in high energy nuclear collisions, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 57 (2007) 205 [nucl-ex/0701025] [INSPIRE].
F. Arleo, Quenching of hadron spectra in heavy ion collisions at the LHC, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 062302 [arXiv:1703.10852] [INSPIRE].
M. Spousta and B. Cole, Interpreting single jet measurements in Pb + Pb collisions at the LHC, Eur. Phys. J. C 76 (2016) 50 [arXiv:1504.05169] [INSPIRE].
J.-W. Qiu, F. Ringer, N. Sato and P. Zurita, Factorization of jet cross sections in heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 252301 [arXiv:1903.01993] [INSPIRE].
Y. Mehtar-Tani, D. Pablos and K. Tywoniuk, Cone size dependence of jet suppression in heavy-ion collisions, arXiv:2101.01742 [INSPIRE].
B. G. Zakharov, Radiative energy loss of high-energy quarks in finite size nuclear matter and quark-gluon plasma, JETP Lett. 65 (1997) 615 [hep-ph/9704255] [INSPIRE].
R. Baier, Y. L. Dokshitzer, A. H. Mueller, S. Peigne and D. Schiff, Radiative energy loss of high-energy quarks and gluons in a finite volume quark-gluon plasma, Nucl. Phys. B 483 (1997) 291 [hep-ph/9607355] [INSPIRE].
J.-P. Blaizot, F. Dominguez, E. Iancu and Y. Mehtar-Tani, Medium-induced gluon branching, JHEP 01 (2013) 143 [arXiv:1209.4585] [INSPIRE].
L. Apolinário, N. Armesto, J. G. Milhano and C. A. Salgado, Medium-induced gluon radiation and colour decoherence beyond the soft approximation, JHEP 02 (2015) 119 [arXiv:1407.0599] [INSPIRE].
M. Gyulassy and X.-n. Wang, Multiple collisions and induced gluon Bremsstrahlung in QCD, Nucl. Phys. B 420 (1994) 583 [nucl-th/9306003] [INSPIRE].
U. A. Wiedemann, Gluon radiation off hard quarks in a nuclear environment: opacity expansion, Nucl. Phys. B 588 (2000) 303 [hep-ph/0005129] [INSPIRE].
C. Andres, F. Dominguez and M. Gonzalez Martinez, From soft to hard radiation: the role of multiple scatterings in medium-induced gluon emissions, JHEP 03 (2021) 102 [arXiv:2011.06522] [INSPIRE].
X. Feal, C. A. Salgado and R. A. Vazquez, Jet quenching test of the QCD matter created at RHIC and the LHC needs opacity-resummed medium induced radiation, Phys. Lett. B 816 (2021) 136251 [arXiv:1911.01309] [INSPIRE].
J. Barata, Y. Mehtar-Tani, A. Soto-Ontoso and K. Tywoniuk, Revisiting transverse momentum broadening in dense QCD media, Phys. Rev. D 104 (2021) 054047 [arXiv:2009.13667] [INSPIRE].
Y. Mehtar-Tani, C. A. Salgado and K. Tywoniuk, The radiation pattern of a QCD antenna in a dense medium, JHEP 10 (2012) 197 [arXiv:1205.5739] [INSPIRE].
Y. Mehtar-Tani and K. Tywoniuk, Radiative energy loss of neighboring subjets, Nucl. Phys. A 979 (2018) 165 [arXiv:1706.06047] [INSPIRE].
B. Blok and K. Tywoniuk, Higher-order corrections to heavy-quark jet quenching, Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 560 [arXiv:1901.07864] [INSPIRE].
J. Casalderrey-Solana, D. C. Gulhan, J. G. Milhano, D. Pablos and K. Rajagopal, A hybrid strong/weak coupling approach to jet quenching, JHEP 10 (2014) 019 [Erratum ibid. 09 (2015) 175] [arXiv:1405.3864] [INSPIRE].
PHENIX collaboration, A detailed study of high-pT neutral pion suppression and azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at \( \sqrt{s_{NN}} \) = 200 GeV, Phys. Rev. C 76 (2007) 034904 [nucl-ex/0611007] [INSPIRE].
Z.-B. Kang, F. Ringer and I. Vitev, The semi-inclusive jet function in SCET and small radius resummation for inclusive jet production, JHEP 10 (2016) 125 [arXiv:1606.06732] [INSPIRE].
L. Dai, C. Kim and A. K. Leibovich, Fragmentation of a jet with small radius, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 114023 [arXiv:1606.07411] [INSPIRE].
T. Sjöstrand et al., An introduction to PYTHIA 8.2, Comput. Phys. Commun. 191 (2015) 159 [arXiv:1410.3012] [INSPIRE].
M. Dasgupta, L. Magnea and G. P. Salam, Non-perturbative QCD effects in jets at hadron colliders, JHEP 02 (2008) 055 [arXiv:0712.3014] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Measurement of the nuclear modification factor for inclusive jets in Pb+Pb collisions at \( \sqrt{s_{NN}} \) = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Lett. B 790 (2019) 108 [arXiv:1805.05635] [INSPIRE].
G. D. Moore and D. Teaney, How much do heavy quarks thermalize in a heavy ion collision?, Phys. Rev. C 71 (2005) 064904 [hep-ph/0412346] [INSPIRE].
Y. Tachibana, N.-B. Chang and G.-Y. Qin, Full jet in quark-gluon plasma with hydrodynamic medium response, Phys. Rev. C 95 (2017) 044909 [arXiv:1701.07951] [INSPIRE].
P. Caucal, E. Iancu and G. Soyez, Jet radiation in a longitudinally expanding medium, JHEP 04 (2021) 209 [arXiv:2012.01457] [INSPIRE].
ALICE collaboration, Measurements of inclusive jet spectra in pp and central Pb-Pb collisions at \( \sqrt{s_{NN}} \) = 5.02 TeV, Phys. Rev. C 101 (2020) 034911 [arXiv:1909.09718] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, First measurement of large area jet transverse momentum spectra in heavy-ion collisions, JHEP 05 (2021) 284 [arXiv:2102.13080] [INSPIRE].
P. Caucal, E. Iancu and G. Soyez, Deciphering the zg distribution in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions, JHEP 10 (2019) 273 [arXiv:1907.04866] [INSPIRE].
A. J. Larkoski and E. M. Metodiev, A theory of quark vs. gluon discrimination, JHEP 10 (2019) 014 [arXiv:1906.01639] [INSPIRE].
E. M. Metodiev and J. Thaler, Jet topics: disentangling quarks and gluons at colliders, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 (2018) 241602 [arXiv:1802.00008] [INSPIRE].
P. T. Komiske, E. M. Metodiev and J. Thaler, An operational definition of quark and gluon jets, JHEP 11 (2018) 059 [arXiv:1809.01140] [INSPIRE].
A. J. Larkoski, I. Moult and D. Neill, Power counting to better jet observables, JHEP 12 (2014) 009 [arXiv:1409.6298] [INSPIRE].
C. Frye, A. J. Larkoski, J. Thaler and K. Zhou, Casimir meets Poisson: improved quark/gluon discrimination with counting observables, JHEP 09 (2017) 083 [arXiv:1704.06266] [INSPIRE].
Y.-T. Chien and R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Probing heavy ion collisions using quark and gluon jet substructure, arXiv:1803.03589 [INSPIRE].
M. Cacciari, G. P. Salam and G. Soyez, FastJet user manual, Eur. Phys. J. C 72 (2012) 1896 [arXiv:1111.6097] [INSPIRE].
J. Baron, D. Reichelt, S. Schumann, N. Schwanemann and V. Theeuwes, Soft-drop grooming for hadronic event shapes, JHEP 07 (2021) 142 [arXiv:2012.09574] [INSPIRE].
N. Armesto, Nuclear shadowing, J. Phys. G 32 (2006) R367 [hep-ph/0604108] [INSPIRE].
G.-Y. Qin and X.-N. Wang, Jet quenching in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 24 (2015) 1530014 [arXiv:1511.00790] [INSPIRE].
P. M. Chesler and K. Rajagopal, Jet quenching in strongly coupled plasma, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 025033 [arXiv:1402.6756] [INSPIRE].
Z. Hulcher, D. Pablos and K. Rajagopal, Resolution effects in the hybrid strong/weak coupling model, JHEP 03 (2018) 010 [arXiv:1707.05245] [INSPIRE].
D. Pablos, Jet suppression from a small to intermediate to large radius, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 (2020) 052301 [arXiv:1907.12301] [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2103.14676
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Takacs, A., Tywoniuk, K. Quenching effects in the cumulative jet spectrum. J. High Energ. Phys. 2021, 38 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2021)038
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2021)038