Abstract
The Affleck-Dine mechanism creates the baryon asymmetry of the universe from an angular motion of a complex scalar field. The mechanism is efficient and allows for a low reheating temperature of the universe if the scalar field has a flat potential along its radial direction. We consider a possibility that the scalar field is a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson arising from spontaneous breaking of an approximate global symmetry, so that the flatness of the potential is naturally understood. We construct a concrete realization of the idea based on chiral symmetry breaking in an SU(N) gauge theory. The Peccei-Quinn mechanism can be consistently incorporated into the model. We also comment on a possible impact of the model on early universe physics.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
M. Fukugita and T. Yanagida, Baryogenesis Without Grand Unification, Phys. Lett.B 174 (1986) 45 [INSPIRE].
G.F. Giudice, A. Notari, M. Raidal, A. Riotto and A. Strumia, Towards a complete theory of thermal leptogenesis in the SM and MSSM, Nucl. Phys. B 685 (2004) 89 [hep-ph/0310123] [INSPIRE].
W. Buchmüller, P. Di Bari and M. Plümacher, Leptogenesis for pedestrians, Annals Phys.315 (2005) 305 [hep-ph/0401240] [INSPIRE].
H. Pagels and J.R. Primack, Supersymmetry, Cosmology and New TeV Physics, Phys. Rev. Lett.48 (1982) 223 [INSPIRE].
S. Weinberg, Cosmological Constraints on the Scale of Supersymmetry Breaking, Phys. Rev. Lett.48 (1982) 1303 [INSPIRE].
M. Yu. Khlopov and A.D. Linde, Is It Easy to Save the Gravitino?, Phys. Lett.B 138 (1984) 265 [INSPIRE].
J.R. Ellis, D.V. Nanopoulos and S. Sarkar, The Cosmology of Decaying Gravitinos, Nucl. Phys.B 259 (1985) 175 [INSPIRE].
T. Moroi, H. Murayama and M. Yamaguchi, Cosmological constraints on the light stable gravitino, Phys. Lett.B 303 (1993) 289 [INSPIRE].
Z. Chacko, H.-S. Goh and R. Harnik, The Twin Higgs: Natural electroweak breaking from mirror symmetry, Phys. Rev. Lett.96 (2006) 231802 [hep-ph/0506256] [INSPIRE].
M.A.B. Beg and H.S. Tsao, Strong P, T Noninvariances in a Superweak Theory, Phys. Rev. Lett.41 (1978) 278 [INSPIRE].
R.N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanović, Natural Suppression of Strong p and t Noninvariance, Phys. Lett.B 79 (1978) 283 [INSPIRE].
T.W.B. Kibble, G. Lazarides and Q. Shafi, Strings in SO(10), Phys. Lett.B 113 (1982) 237 [INSPIRE].
D. Chang, R.N. Mohapatra and M.K. Parida, Decoupling Parity and SU(2)-R Breaking Scales: A New Approach to Left-Right Symmetric Models, Phys. Rev. Lett.52 (1984) 1072 [INSPIRE].
D. Chang, R.N. Mohapatra and M.K. Parida, A New Approach to Left-Right Symmetry Breaking in Unified Gauge Theories, Phys. Rev.D 30 (1984) 1052 [INSPIRE].
K.S. Babu and R.N. Mohapatra, A Solution to the Strong CP Problem Without an Axion, Phys. Rev.D 41 (1990) 1286 [INSPIRE].
A. Albaid, M. Dine and P. Draper, Strong CP and SUZ 2, JHEP12 (2015) 046 [arXiv:1510.03392] [INSPIRE].
L.J. Hall and K. Harigaya, Implications of Higgs Discovery for the Strong CP Problem and Unification, JHEP10 (2018) 130 [arXiv:1803.08119] [INSPIRE].
D. Dunsky, L.J. Hall and K. Harigaya, Higgs Parity, Strong CP and Dark Matter, JHEP07 (2019) 016 [arXiv:1902.07726] [INSPIRE].
L.J. Hall and K. Harigaya, Higgs Parity Grand Unification, arXiv:1905.12722 [INSPIRE].
A.E. Nelson, Naturally Weak CP-violation, Phys. Lett.B 136 (1984) 387 [INSPIRE].
S.M. Barr, Solving the Strong CP Problem Without the Peccei-Quinn Symmetry, Phys. Rev. Lett.53 (1984) 329 [INSPIRE].
L. Bento, G.C. Branco and P.A. Parada, A Minimal model with natural suppression of strong CP-violation, Phys. Lett.B 267 (1991) 95 [INSPIRE].
M. Dine and P. Draper, Challenges for the Nelson-Barr Mechanism, JHEP08 (2015) 132 [arXiv:1506.05433] [INSPIRE].
G. ’t Hooft, Symmetry Breaking Through Bell-Jackiw Anomalies, Phys. Rev. Lett.37 (1976) 8 [INSPIRE].
T.D. Lee and C.-N. Yang, Question of Parity Conservation in Weak Interactions, Phys. Rev.104 (1956) 254 [INSPIRE].
I. Yu. Kobzarev, L.B. Okun and I. Ya. Pomeranchuk, On the possibility of experimental observation of mirror particles, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys.3 (1966) 837 [Yad. Fiz.3 (1966) 1154] [INSPIRE].
M. Pavsic, External inversion, internal inversion and reflection invariance, Int. J. Theor. Phys.9 (1974) 229 [hep-ph/0105344] [INSPIRE].
R. Foot, H. Lew and R.R. Volkas, A Model with fundamental improper space-time symmetries, Phys. Lett.B 272 (1991) 67 [INSPIRE].
T.D. Lee, A Theory of Spontaneous T Violation, Phys. Rev.D 8 (1973) 1226 [INSPIRE].
J.C. Pati and A. Salam, Lepton Number as the Fourth Color, Phys. Rev.D 10 (1974) 275 [Erratum ibid. D 11 (1975) 703] [INSPIRE].
R.N. Mohapatra and J.C. Pati, Left-Right Gauge Symmetry and an Isoconjugate Model of CP-violation, Phys. Rev.D 11 (1975) 566 [INSPIRE].
G. Senjanović and R.N. Mohapatra, Exact Left-Right Symmetry and Spontaneous Violation of Parity, Phys. Rev.D 12 (1975) 1502 [INSPIRE].
E.W. Kolb and M.S. Turner, The Early Universe, Front. Phys.69 (1990) 1 [INSPIRE].
K. Harigaya and K. Mukaida, Thermalization after/during Reheating, JHEP05 (2014) 006 [arXiv:1312.3097] [INSPIRE].
K. Mukaida and M. Yamada, Thermalization Process after Inflation and Effective Potential of Scalar Field, JCAP02 (2016) 003 [arXiv:1506.07661] [INSPIRE].
I. Affleck and M. Dine, A New Mechanism for Baryogenesis, Nucl. Phys.B 249 (1985) 361 [INSPIRE].
M. Dine, L. Randall and S.D. Thomas, Supersymmetry breaking in the early universe, Phys. Rev. Lett.75 (1995) 398 [hep-ph/9503303] [INSPIRE].
M. Dine, L. Randall and S.D. Thomas, Baryogenesis from flat directions of the supersymmetric standard model, Nucl. Phys.B 458 (1996) 291 [hep-ph/9507453] [INSPIRE].
R.D. Peccei and H.R. Quinn, CP Conservation in the Presence of Instantons, Phys. Rev. Lett.38 (1977) 1440 [INSPIRE].
R.D. Peccei and H.R. Quinn, Constraints Imposed by CP Conservation in the Presence of Instantons, Phys. Rev.D 16 (1977) 1791 [INSPIRE].
S. Weinberg, A New Light Boson?, Phys. Rev. Lett.40 (1978) 223 [INSPIRE].
F. Wilczek, Problem of Strong P and T Invariance in the Presence of Instantons, Phys. Rev. Lett.40 (1978) 279 [INSPIRE].
J. Preskill, M.B. Wise and F. Wilczek, Cosmology of the Invisible Axion, Phys. Lett.B 120 (1983) 127 [INSPIRE].
L.F. Abbott and P. Sikivie, A Cosmological Bound on the Invisible Axion, Phys. Lett.B 120 (1983) 133 [INSPIRE].
M. Dine and W. Fischler, The Not So Harmless Axion, Phys. Lett.B 120 (1983) 137 [INSPIRE].
V.A. Kuzmin, V.A. Rubakov and M.E. Shaposhnikov, On the Anomalous Electroweak Baryon Number Nonconservation in the Early Universe, Phys. Lett.B 155 (1985) 36 [INSPIRE].
J.A. Harvey and M.S. Turner, Cosmological baryon and lepton number in the presence of electroweak fermion number violation, Phys. Rev.D 42 (1990) 3344 [INSPIRE].
S.B. Giddings and A. Strominger, Loss of Incoherence and Determination of Coupling Constants in Quantum Gravity, Nucl. Phys.B 307 (1988) 854 [INSPIRE].
S.R. Coleman, Why There Is Nothing Rather Than Something: A Theory of the Cosmological Constant, Nucl. Phys.B 310 (1988) 643 [INSPIRE].
G. Gilbert, Wormhole induced proton decay, Nucl. Phys.B 328 (1989) 159 [INSPIRE].
T. Banks and N. Seiberg, Symmetries and Strings in Field Theory and Gravity, Phys. Rev.D 83 (2011) 084019 [arXiv:1011.5120] [INSPIRE].
D. Harlow and H. Ooguri, Constraints on Symmetries from Holography, Phys. Rev. Lett.122 (2019) 191601 [arXiv:1810.05337] [INSPIRE].
D. Harlow and H. Ooguri, Symmetries in quantum field theory and quantum gravity, arXiv:1810.05338 [INSPIRE].
A. Manohar and H. Georgi, Chiral Quarks and the Nonrelativistic Quark Model, Nucl. Phys. B 234 (1984) 189 [INSPIRE].
H. Georgi and L. Randall, Flavor Conserving CP-violation in Invisible Axion Models, Nucl. Phys.B 276 (1986) 241 [INSPIRE].
M.A. Luty, Naive dimensional analysis and supersymmetry, Phys. Rev. D 57 (1998) 1531 [hep-ph/9706235] [INSPIRE].
A.G. Cohen, D.B. Kaplan and A.E. Nelson, Counting 4 pis in strongly coupled supersymmetry, Phys. Lett.B 412 (1997) 301 [hep-ph/9706275] [INSPIRE].
S.R. Coleman, Q Balls, Nucl. Phys.B 262 (1985) 263 [Erratum ibid. B 269 (1986) 744] [INSPIRE].
A. Kusenko and M.E. Shaposhnikov, Supersymmetric Q balls as dark matter, Phys. Lett.B 418 (1998) 46 [hep-ph/9709492] [INSPIRE].
K. Enqvist and J. McDonald, Q balls and baryogenesis in the MSSM, Phys. Lett.B 425 (1998) 309 [hep-ph/9711514] [INSPIRE].
K. Enqvist and J. McDonald, B-ball baryogenesis and the baryon to dark matter ratio, Nucl. Phys.B 538 (1999) 321 [hep-ph/9803380] [INSPIRE].
S. Kasuya and M. Kawasaki, Q ball formation through Affleck-Dine mechanism, Phys. Rev.D 61 (2000) 041301 [hep-ph/9909509] [INSPIRE].
A.G. Cohen, S.R. Coleman, H. Georgi and A. Manohar, The Evaporation of Q Balls, Nucl. Phys.B 272 (1986) 301 [INSPIRE].
K. Choi and J.E. Kim, Dynamical axion, Phys. Rev.D 32 (1985) 1828 [INSPIRE].
G. Lazarides, C. Panagiotakopoulos and Q. Shafi, Phenomenology and Cosmology With Superstrings, Phys. Rev. Lett.56 (1986) 432 [INSPIRE].
R. Holman, S.D.H. Hsu, T.W. Kephart, E.W. Kolb, R. Watkins and L.M. Widrow, Solutions to the strong CP problem in a world with gravity, Phys. Lett.B 282 (1992) 132 [hep-ph/9203206] [INSPIRE].
S.M. Barr and D. Seckel, Planck scale corrections to axion models, Phys. Rev.D 46 (1992) 539 [INSPIRE].
M. Kamionkowski and J. March-Russell, Planck scale physics and the Peccei-Quinn mechanism, Phys. Lett.B 282 (1992) 137 [hep-th/9202003] [INSPIRE].
M. Dine, Problems of naturalness: Some lessons from string theory, in Conference on Topics in Quantum Gravity, Cincinnati U.S.A. (1992), pg. 157 [hep-th/9207045] [INSPIRE].
V.F. Mukhanov and G.V. Chibisov, Quantum Fluctuations and a Nonsingular Universe, JETP Lett.33 (1981) 532 [Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.33 (1981) 549] [INSPIRE].
S.W. Hawking, The Development of Irregularities in a Single Bubble Inflationary Universe, Phys. Lett.B 115 (1982) 295 [INSPIRE].
A.A. Starobinsky, Dynamics of phase transition in the new inflationary universe scenario and generation of perturbations, Phys. Lett.B 117 (1982) 175
A.H. Guth and S.Y. Pi, Fluctuations in the New Inflationary Universe, Phys. Rev. Lett.49 (1982) 1110 [INSPIRE].
J.M. Bardeen, P.J. Steinhardt and M.S. Turner, Spontaneous Creation of Almost Scale-Free Density Perturbations in an Inflationary Universe, Phys. Rev.D 28 (1983) 679 [INSPIRE].
A.D. Linde and V.F. Mukhanov, NonGaussian isocurvature perturbations from inflation, Phys. Rev.D 56 (1997) R535 [astro-ph/9610219] [INSPIRE].
K. Enqvist and M.S. Sloth, Adiabatic CMB perturbations in pre-big bang string cosmology, Nucl. Phys.B 626 (2002) 395 [hep-ph/0109214] [INSPIRE].
D.H. Lyth and D. Wands, Generating the curvature perturbation without an inflaton, Phys. Lett.B 524 (2002) 5 [hep-ph/0110002] [INSPIRE].
T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Effects of cosmological moduli fields on cosmic microwave background, Phys. Lett.B 522 (2001) 215 [Erratum ibid.B 539 (2002) 303] [hep-ph/0110096] [INSPIRE].
Planck collaboration, Planck 2018 results. X. Constraints on inflation, arXiv:1807.06211 [INSPIRE].
D.H. Lyth, C. Ungarelli and D. Wands, The Primordial density perturbation in the curvaton scenario, Phys. Rev.D 67 (2003) 023503 [astro-ph/0208055] [INSPIRE].
G.P. Holder, K.M. Nollett and A. van Engelen, On Possible Variation in the Cosmological Baryon Fraction, Astrophys. J.716 (2010) 907 [arXiv:0907.3919] [INSPIRE].
C. Gordon and J.R. Pritchard, Forecasted 21 cm constraints on compensated isocurvature perturbations, Phys. Rev.D 80 (2009) 063535 [arXiv:0907.5400] [INSPIRE].
M. Kawasaki, T. Sekiguchi and T. Takahashi, Differentiating CDM and Baryon Isocurvature Models with 21 cm Fluctuations, JCAP10 (2011) 028 [arXiv:1104.5591] [INSPIRE].
D. Grin, O. Dore and M. Kamionkowski, Compensated Isocurvature Perturbations and the Cosmic Microwave Background, Phys. Rev.D 84 (2011) 123003 [arXiv:1107.5047] [INSPIRE].
D. Grin, D. Hanson, G.P. Holder, O. Doré and M. Kamionkowski, Baryons do trace dark matter 380,000 years after the big bang: Search for compensated isocurvature perturbations with WMAP 9-year data, Phys. Rev.D 89 (2014) 023006 [arXiv:1306.4319] [INSPIRE].
K. Harigaya, T. Hayakawa, M. Kawasaki and S. Yokoyama, CDM/baryon isocurvature perturbations in a sneutrino curvaton model, JCAP10 (2014) 068 [arXiv:1409.1669] [INSPIRE].
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
ArXiv ePrint: 1906.05286
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Harigaya, K. Nambu-Goldstone Affleck-Dine baryogenesis. J. High Energ. Phys. 2019, 85 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2019)085
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2019)085