Abstract
We investigate the bounce solution in the holographic dark-QCD and electroweak models with first-order phase transition. The strength parameter α, inverse duration time β/H and bubble wall velocity vw in the gravitational wave power spectra are calculated by holographic bounce solution. We find the parameter α is about 𝒪(1) and β/H is about 104, which implies that the phase transition is fast and strong. The critical temperature, nucleation temperature and the temperature at the beginning time of the phase transition are close to each other in the holographic model. In addition, the velocity vw is found to be less than the sound speed of the plasma \( {c}_s=1/\sqrt{3} \), which corresponds to the deflagration scenario. The gravitational wave signal from phase transitions is difficult to detect since the factor ϒ suppresses the gravitational wave power spectrum. The GW signal can be detected only when the model is in the period of electroweak phase transition and with suitable parameters. Moreover, the primordial black hole is not favorable for formation due to the large parameter β/H and small velocity vw.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Anping Huang, Mingqiu Li, Jingdong Shao, Dianwei Wang, and Qi-Shu Yan for helpful discussions. We thank Maxim Khlopov, Zhang-Yu Nie, Nicklas Ramberg, Kuver Sinha and Miguel Vanvlasselaer for valuable information. This work is supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No. 2021M703169, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities E2E46303X2, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Grant Nos:12235016, 12221005, 11725523, 11735007, 12275108, and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant Nos XDB34030000 and XDPB15, the start-up funding from University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the Guangdong Pearl River Talents Plan under Grant No. 2017GC010480.
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Chen, Y., Li, D. & Huang, M. Bubble nucleation and gravitational waves from holography in the probe approximation. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 225 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2023)225
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2023)225