Abstract
The Kalb-Ramond field is an antisymmetric, rank-two tensor field which most notably appears in the context of string theory, but has largely been unexplored in the context of cosmology. In this work, motivated by the Kalb-Ramond field in string theory, and antisymmetric tensor fields that emerge in effective field theories ranging from particle physics to condensed matter, we study the primordial production of interacting massive Kalb-Ramond-like-particles (KRLPs). KRLPs contain features of both dark photon and axion models, which can be appreciated via their duality properties. While the massless non-interacting KRLP is dual to a pseudoscalar, and the massive non-interacting KRLP is dual to a pseudovector, the interacting massive KRLP can be distinguished from its scalar and vector counterparts. We study early-universe production of KRLPs via the freeze-in mechanism, considering a ‘dark photon-like’ interaction, an ‘axion-like’ interaction, and a ‘Higgs portal’ interaction, as well as production via cosmological gravitational particle production. We find that as a dark matter candidate, KRLPs can be produced by all of the above mechanisms and account for the relic density of dark matter today for a wide range of masses. Finally, we comment on the potential to obtain both warm and cold dark matter subcomponents, and speculate on observational and experimental prospects.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Stephon Alexander, Keshav Dasgupta, Andrew Frey, Saniya Heeba, Anamaria Hell, Liam McAllister, David McKeen, Hugo Schérer, and Katelin Schutz, for helpful discussions. C.C. acknowledges support from the Canadian Institute for Particle Physics (IPP) via an Early Career Theory Fellowship, and thanks the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago for hospitality while a portion of this work was completed. C.C. is supported by a fellowship from the Trottier Space Institute at McGill via an endowment from the Trottier Family Foundation, and by the Arthur B. McDonald Institute via the Canada First Research Excellence Fund (CFREF). The work of L.J. is supported by the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago via an endowment from the Kavli Foundation and its founder Fred Kavli. The work of E.W.K. was supported in part by the US Department of Energy contract DE-FG02-13ER41958 and the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago. EM is supported in part by a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
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Capanelli, C., Jenks, L., Kolb, E.W. et al. Cosmological implications of Kalb-Ramond-like particles. J. High Energ. Phys. 2024, 75 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2024)075
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2024)075