Abstract
We study the vacuum structure of Nf flavour two-dimensional QED with an arbitrary integer charge k. We find that the axial symmetry is spontaneously broken from \( {\mathbb{Z}}_{k{N}_f} \) to \( {\mathbb{Z}}_{N_f} \) due to the non-vanishing condensate of a flavour singlet operator, resulting in k degenerate vacua. An explicit construction of the k vacua is given by using a
non-commutative algebra obtained as a central extension of the \( {\mathbb{Z}}_{k{N}_f} \) discrete axial symmetry and ℤk 1-form (center) symmetry, which represents the mixed ’t Hooft anomaly between them.
We then give a string theory realization of such a system with k = 2 and Nf = 8 by putting an anti D-string in the vicinity of an orientifold O1−-plane and study its dynamics using the two-dimensional gauge theory realized on it. We calculate the potential between the anti D-string and the O1−-plane and find repulsion in both weak and strong coupling regimes of the two-dimensional gauge theory, corresponding to long and short distances, respectively. We also calculate the potential for the (Q, −1)-string (the bound state of an anti D-string and Q fundamental strings) located close to the O1−-plane. The result is non-perturbative in the string coupling.
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Armoni, A., Sugimoto, S. Vacuum structure of charge k two-dimensional QED and dynamics of an anti D-string near an O1−-plane. J. High Energ. Phys. 2019, 175 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2019)175
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2019)175