Abstract
Models with radiative symmetry breaking typically feature strongly supercooled first-order phase transitions, which result in an observable stochastic gravitational wave background. In this work, we analyse the role of higher-order thermal corrections for these transitions, applying high-temperature dimensional reduction to a theory with dimensional transmutation. In particular, we study to what extent high-temperature effective field theories (3D EFT) can be used. We find that despite significant supercooling down from the critical temperature, the high-temperature expansion for the bubble nucleation rate can be applied using the 3D EFT framework, and we point out challenges in the EFT description. We compare our findings to previous studies and find that the next-to-leading order corrections obtained in this work have a significant effect on the predictions for GW observables, motivating a further exploration of higher-order thermal effects.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Andreas Ekstedt, Oliver Gould, Joonas Hirvonen, Johan Löfgren, Lauri Niemi, Tomislav Prokopec and Philipp Schicho for illuminating discussions. TT and JvdV thank University of Warsaw for hospitality during the initial stages of this project. The work of BŚ and MK is supported by the National Science Centre, Poland, through the SONATA project number 2018/31/D/ST2/03302. MK is supported by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange under agreement PPN/PPO/2020/1/00013/U/00001 within the Polish Returns Programme. JvdV is supported by the Dutch Research Council (NWO), under project number VI.Veni.212.133. The work of TT has been supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 11975150) from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (grant no. WQ20183100522).
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Kierkla, M., Świeżewska, B., Tenkanen, T.V.I. et al. Gravitational waves from supercooled phase transitions: dimensional transmutation meets dimensional reduction. J. High Energ. Phys. 2024, 234 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2024)234
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2024)234