Abstract
We study the “complexity equals volume” (CV) and “complexity equals action” (CA) conjectures by examining moments of of time symmetry for AdS3 wormholes having n asymptotic regions and arbitrary (orientable) internal topology. For either prescription, the complexity relative to n copies of the M = 0 BTZ black hole takes the form ΔC = αcχ, where c is the central charge and χ is the Euler character of the bulk time-symmetric surface. The coefficients α V = −4π/3, α A = 1/6 defined by CV and CA are independent of both temperature and any moduli controlling the geometry inside the black hole. Comparing with the known structure of dual CFT states in the hot wormhole limit, the temperature and moduli independence of α V , α A implies that any CFT gate set defining either complexity cannot be local. In particular, the complexity of an efficient quantum circuit building local thermofield-double-like entanglement of thermal-sized patches does not depend on the separation of the patches so entangled. We also comment on implications of the (positive) sign found for α A , which requires the associated complexity to decrease when handles are added to our wormhole.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
L. Susskind, Computational Complexity and Black Hole Horizons, Fortsch. Phys. 64 (2016) 44 [arXiv:1403.5695] [INSPIRE].
D. Stanford and L. Susskind, Complexity and Shock Wave Geometries, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 126007 [arXiv:1406.2678] [INSPIRE].
D.A. Roberts, D. Stanford and L. Susskind, Localized shocks, JHEP 03 (2015) 051 [arXiv:1409.8180] [INSPIRE].
A.R. Brown, D.A. Roberts, L. Susskind, B. Swingle and Y. Zhao, Holographic Complexity Equals Bulk Action?, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (2016) 191301 [arXiv:1509.07876] [INSPIRE].
A.R. Brown, D.A. Roberts, L. Susskind, B. Swingle and Y. Zhao, Complexity, action and black holes, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 086006 [arXiv:1512.04993] [INSPIRE].
L. Lehner, R.C. Myers, E. Poisson and R.D. Sorkin, Gravitational action with null boundaries, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 084046 [arXiv:1609.00207] [INSPIRE].
R.A. Jefferson and R.C. Myers, Circuit complexity in quantum field theory, JHEP 10 (2017) 107 [arXiv:1707.08570] [INSPIRE].
D. Marolf, H. Maxfield, A. Peach and S.F. Ross, Hot multiboundary wormholes from bipartite entanglement, Class. Quant. Grav. 32 (2015) 215006 [arXiv:1506.04128] [INSPIRE].
D.R. Brill, Multi-black hole geometries in (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 4133 [gr-qc/9511022] [INSPIRE].
S. Aminneborg, I. Bengtsson, D. Brill, S. Holst and P. Peldan, Black holes and wormholes in (2 + 1)-dimensions, Class. Quant. Grav. 15 (1998) 627 [gr-qc/9707036] [INSPIRE].
D. Brill, Black holes and wormholes in (2 + 1)-dimensions, gr-qc/9904083 [INSPIRE].
K. Krasnov, Holography and Riemann surfaces, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 4 (2000) 929 [hep-th/0005106] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Maldacena, Eternal black holes in anti-de Sitter, JHEP 04 (2003) 021 [hep-th/0106112] [INSPIRE].
K. Skenderis and B.C. van Rees, Holography and wormholes in 2 + 1 dimensions, Commun. Math. Phys. 301 (2011) 583 [arXiv:0912.2090] [INSPIRE].
V. Balasubramanian, P. Hayden, A. Maloney, D. Marolf and S.F. Ross, Multiboundary Wormholes and Holographic Entanglement, Class. Quant. Grav. 31 (2014) 185015 [arXiv:1406.2663] [INSPIRE].
S. Chapman, H. Marrochio and R.C. Myers, Complexity of formation in holography, JHEP 01 (2017) 062 [arXiv:1610.08063] [INSPIRE].
R. Abt, J. Erdmenger, H. Hinrichsen, C.M. Melby-Thompson, R. Meyer, C. Northe et al., Topological Complexity in AdS3/CFT2, arXiv:1710.01327 [INSPIRE].
K. Hashimoto, N. Iizuka and S. Sugishita, Time evolution of complexity in Abelian gauge theories, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 126001 [arXiv:1707.03840] [INSPIRE].
A.P. Reynolds and S.F. Ross, Complexity of the AdS Soliton, arXiv:1712.03732 [INSPIRE].
A. Maloney, Geometric Microstates for the Three Dimensional Black Hole?, arXiv:1508.04079 [INSPIRE].
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
ArXiv ePrint: 1801.01137
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Fu, Z., Maloney, A., Marolf, D. et al. Holographic complexity is nonlocal. J. High Energ. Phys. 2018, 72 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2018)072
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2018)072