Demonstration of background rejection using deep convolutional neural networks in the NEXT experiment

Kekic, M.; Adams, C.; Woodruff, K.; Renner, J.; Church, E.; Del Tutto, M.; Hernando Morata, J. A.; Gómez-Cadenas, J. J.; Álvarez, V.; Arazi, L.; Arnquist, I. J.; Azevedo, C. D. R.; Bailey, K.; Ballester, F.; Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M.; Borges, F. I. G. M.; Byrnes, N.; Cárcel, S.; Carrión, J. V.; Cebrián, S.; Conde, C. A. N.; Contreras, T.; Díaz, G.; Díaz, J.; Diesburg, M.; Escada, J.; Esteve, R.; Felkai, R.; Fernandes, A. F. M.; Fernandes, L. M. P.; Ferrario, P.; Ferreira, A. L.; Freitas, E. D. C.; Generowicz, J.; Ghosh, S.; Goldschmidt, A.; González-Díaz, D.; Guenette, R.; Gutiérrez, R. M.; Haefner, J.; Hafidi, K.; Hauptman, J.; Henriques, C. A. O.; Herrero, P.; Herrero, V.; Ifergan, Y.; Jones, B. J. P.; Labarga, L.; Laing, A.; Lebrun, P.; López-March, N.; Losada, M.; Mano, R. D. P.; Martín-Albo, J.; Martínez, A.; Martínez-Lema, G.; Martínez-Vara, M.; McDonald, A. D.; Meziani, Z.-E.; Monrabal, F.; Monteiro, C. M. B.; Mora, F. J.; Muñoz Vidal, J.; Novella, P.; Nygren, D. R.; Palmeiro, B.; Para, A.; Pérez, J.; Querol, M.; Redwine, A. B.; Ripoll, L.; Rodríguez García, Y.; Rodríguez, J.; Rogers, L.; Romeo, B.; Romo-Luque, C.; Santos, F. P.; dos Santos, J. M. F.; Simón, A.; Sofka, C.; Sorel, M.; Stiegler, T.; Toledo, J. F.; Torrent, J.; Usón, A.; Veloso, J. F. C. A.; Webb, R.; Weiss-Babai, R.; White, J. T.; Yahlali, N.

doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2021)189

Regular Article - Experimental Physics
Open Access
Published: 28 January 2021

Demonstration of background rejection using deep convolutional neural networks in the NEXT experiment

The NEXT collaboration,
M. Kekic^21,19,
C. Adams²,
K. Woodruff³,
J. Renner^21,19,
E. Church²⁰,
M. Del Tutto⁵,
J. A. Hernando Morata²¹,
J. J. Gómez-Cadenas^16,9,
V. Álvarez²²,
L. Arazi⁶,
I. J. Arnquist²⁰,
C. D. R. Azevedo⁴,
K. Bailey²,
F. Ballester²²,
J. M. Benlloch-Rodríguez^16,19,
F. I. G. M. Borges¹⁴,
N. Byrnes³,
S. Cárcel¹⁹,
J. V. Carrión¹⁹,
S. Cebrián²³,
C. A. N. Conde¹⁴,
T. Contreras¹¹,
G. Díaz²¹,
J. Díaz¹⁹,
M. Diesburg⁵,
J. Escada¹⁴,
R. Esteve²²,
R. Felkai^6,7,19,
A. F. M. Fernandes¹³,
L. M. P. Fernandes¹³,
P. Ferrario^16,9,
A. L. Ferreira⁴,
E. D. C. Freitas¹³,
J. Generowicz¹⁶,
S. Ghosh¹¹,
A. Goldschmidt⁸,
D. González-Díaz²¹,
R. Guenette¹¹,
R. M. Gutiérrez¹⁰,
J. Haefner¹¹,
K. Hafidi²,
J. Hauptman¹,
C. A. O. Henriques¹³,
P. Herrero¹⁶,
V. Herrero²²,
Y. Ifergan^6,7,
B. J. P. Jones³,
L. Labarga¹⁸,
A. Laing³,
P. Lebrun⁵,
N. López-March^22,19,
M. Losada¹⁰,
R. D. P. Mano¹³,
J. Martín-Albo¹⁹,
A. Martínez^19,16,
G. Martínez-Lema^19,21^nAff24,
M. Martínez-Vara¹⁹,
A. D. McDonald³,
Z.-E. Meziani²,
F. Monrabal^16,9,
C. M. B. Monteiro¹³,
F. J. Mora²²,
J. Muñoz Vidal^19,16,
P. Novella¹⁹,
D. R. Nygren^3,1,
B. Palmeiro^21,19,
A. Para⁵,
J. Pérez¹²,
M. Querol¹⁹,
A. B. Redwine⁶,
L. Ripoll¹⁷,
Y. Rodríguez García¹⁰,
J. Rodríguez²²,
L. Rogers³,
B. Romeo^16,12,
C. Romo-Luque¹⁹,
F. P. Santos¹⁴,
J. M. F. dos Santos¹³,
A. Simón⁶,
C. Sofka¹⁵^nAff25,
M. Sorel¹⁹,
T. Stiegler¹⁵,
J. F. Toledo²²,
J. Torrent¹⁶,
A. Usón¹⁹,
J. F. C. A. Veloso⁴,
R. Webb¹⁵,
R. Weiss-Babai⁶,
J. T. White¹⁵ &
…
N. Yahlali¹⁹

Journal of High Energy Physics volume 2021, Article number: 189 (2021) Cite this article

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Abstract

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used state-of-the-art computer vision tools that are becoming increasingly popular in high-energy physics. In this paper, we attempt to understand the potential of CNNs for event classification in the NEXT experiment, which will search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in ¹³⁶Xe. To do so, we demonstrate the usage of CNNs for the identification of electron-positron pair production events, which exhibit a topology similar to that of a neutrinoless double-beta decay event. These events were produced in the NEXT-White high-pressure xenon TPC using 2.6 MeV gamma rays from a ²²⁸Th calibration source. We train a network on Monte Carlo-simulated events and show that, by applying on-the-fly data augmentation, the network can be made robust against differences between simulation and data. The use of CNNs offers significant improvement in signal efficiency and background rejection when compared to previous non-CNN-based analyses.

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Author information

G. Martínez-Lema
Present address: Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
C. Sofka
Present address: University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

Authors and Affiliations

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, 12 Physics Hall, Ames, IA, 50011-3160, USA
J. Hauptman & D. R. Nygren
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
C. Adams, K. Bailey, K. Hafidi & Z.-E. Meziani
Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
K. Woodruff, N. Byrnes, B. J. P. Jones, A. Laing, A. D. McDonald, D. R. Nygren & L. Rogers
Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
C. D. R. Azevedo, A. L. Ferreira & J. F. C. A. Veloso
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, 60510, USA
M. Del Tutto, M. Diesburg, P. Lebrun & A. Para
Nuclear Engineering Unit, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
L. Arazi, R. Felkai, Y. Ifergan, A. B. Redwine, A. Simón & R. Weiss-Babai
Nuclear Research Center Negev, 84190, Beer-Sheva, Israel
R. Felkai & Y. Ifergan
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
A. Goldschmidt
Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013, Bilbao, Spain
J. J. Gómez-Cadenas, P. Ferrario & F. Monrabal
Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Sede Circunvalar, Carretera 3 Este No. 47 A-15, Bogotá, Colombia
R. M. Gutiérrez, M. Losada & Y. Rodríguez García
Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
T. Contreras, S. Ghosh, R. Guenette & J. Haefner
Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, Paseo de los Ayerbe s/n, E-22880, Canfranc Estación, Spain
J. Pérez & B. Romeo
LIBPhys, Physics Department, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal
A. F. M. Fernandes, L. M. P. Fernandes, E. D. C. Freitas, C. A. O. Henriques, R. D. P. Mano, C. M. B. Monteiro & J. M. F. dos Santos
LIP, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal
F. I. G. M. Borges, C. A. N. Conde, J. Escada & F. P. Santos
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4242, USA
C. Sofka, T. Stiegler, R. Webb & J. T. White
Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal, 4, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
J. J. Gómez-Cadenas, J. M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, P. Ferrario, J. Generowicz, P. Herrero, A. Martínez, F. Monrabal, J. Muñoz Vidal, B. Romeo & J. Torrent
Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona, Av. Montilivi, s/n, E-17071, Girona, Spain
L. Ripoll
Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
L. Labarga
Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València, Calle Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, E-46980, Paterna, Spain
M. Kekic, J. Renner, J. M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, S. Cárcel, J. V. Carrión, J. Díaz, R. Felkai, N. López-March, J. Martín-Albo, A. Martínez, G. Martínez-Lema, M. Martínez-Vara, J. Muñoz Vidal, P. Novella, B. Palmeiro, M. Querol, C. Romo-Luque, M. Sorel, A. Usón & N. Yahlali
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
E. Church & I. J. Arnquist
Instituto Gallego de Física de Altas Energías, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus sur, Rúa Xosé María Suárez Núñez, s/n, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
M. Kekic, J. Renner, J. A. Hernando Morata, G. Díaz, D. González-Díaz, G. Martínez-Lema & B. Palmeiro
Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), Centro Mixto CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, E-46022, Spain
V. Álvarez, F. Ballester, R. Esteve, V. Herrero, N. López-March, F. J. Mora, J. Rodríguez & J. F. Toledo
Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna, 12, E-50009, Zaragoza, Spain
S. Cebrián

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M. Kekic
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C. Adams
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K. Woodruff
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J. Renner
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E. Church
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M. Del Tutto
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J. A. Hernando Morata
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J. J. Gómez-Cadenas
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V. Álvarez
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K. Bailey
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F. I. G. M. Borges
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N. Byrnes
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S. Cárcel
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T. Contreras
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M. Diesburg
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M. Losada
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The NEXT collaboration

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Correspondence to M. Kekic.

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ArXiv ePrint: 2009.10783

NEXT Co-spokesperson. (J. J. Gómez-Cadenas)

On leave from Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Yavneh, Israel. (R. Weiss-Babai)

Deceased (J. T. White)

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The NEXT collaboration., Kekic, M., Adams, C. et al. Demonstration of background rejection using deep convolutional neural networks in the NEXT experiment. J. High Energ. Phys. 2021, 189 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2021)189

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Received: 24 September 2020
Revised: 20 November 2020
Accepted: 03 December 2020
Published: 28 January 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2021)189

Keywords

Dark Matter and Double Beta Decay (experiments)