Skip to main content
Log in

Old age as an “alternative” to illness: gerontological and medico-legal aspects

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The current trend toward an ever increasing aging population forces society to face the problem of how to care for elderly people who are exposed to the risk of so-called “elder abuse,” a phenomenon becoming increasingly widespread in Italy, as legislation does not provide a precise juridical definition of “elderly” nor does it provide for their specific protection. From a geriatric and medico-legal point of view, it is difficult to assess the cognitive performance of elderly individuals due to a number of factors, including the lack of evaluation tools with well-defined reference parameters for assessing decision-making capacities. Nonetheless, according to Italian penal code, abandoning a person incapable of self-support due to old age is considered a violation of the obligation of family assistance. Just as in the USA, which has instituted the Adult Protective Services, the Authors propose that the local health authorities provide help desks for the victims of elder abuse in Italy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Senin U. Paziente anziano e paziente geriatrico, IV Edizione. Padova: Edises, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Fornari U. Psicopatologia e Psichiatria Forense. Torino: UTET, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  3. American Psychiatric Association. Guidelines for assessing the decision-making capacities of potential research subjects with cognitive impairment. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1649–50.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kim SYH, Caine ED. Utility and limits of the Mini Mental State Examination in evaluating consent capacity in Alzheimer disease. Psychiatr Serv 2002; 53: 1322–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kim SY, Karlawish JH, Caine ED. Current state of research on decision-making competence of cognitively impaired elderly persons. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002; 10: 151–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Gilman RB, Billick SB. Assessing capacity instruments in patients legal proceedings. Am J Forensic Psychiatry 2003; 24: 45–52.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Grisso T, Appelbaum PS, Mulvey E et al. The MacArthur Treatment Competence Study I, II, III. Law and Human Behaviour 1995; 19: 105–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Grisso T, Appelbaum PS. Assessing competence to consent to treatment: a guide for physicians and other health professionals. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  9. Appelbaum PS. Assesment of patient’s competence to consent to treatment. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1834–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Burston GR. Granny-battering. BMJ 1975; 3: 592.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Lagazzi M, Moroni P. Aspetti criminologici e medico-sociali del “maltrattamento dell’anziano”. Rassegna di Criminologia 1988; 183-95.

  12. Abuse of elder persons: recognizing and responding to abuse of older persons in a global context. In Document of the United Nations Economic and Social Council 2002, Madrid.

  13. Krug EG, Dahlberg L, Mercy JA et al. World Report on Violence and Health. Geneva: WHO, 2002.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  14. Pritchard J. Needs of older women: services for victims of elder abuse and other abuse. Bristol: Policy Press, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hofmeister A. Actes du Congrès de la Société Suisse de Gérontologie 2003, St-Gall.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Tool kit to raise awareness on elder abuse. INPEA World Elder Abuse Awareness Day 2006, Atlanta.

    Google Scholar 

  17. The European Reference Framework Online for the Prevention of Elder Abuse and Neglect. Available at: http://www.preventelderabuse.eu/ Accessed 16/03/2010.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Lamura G, Quattrini S, Melchiorre MG et al. Prevention of elder abuse and neglect in Italy: recent developments. 4th World Elder Abuse Awareness Day 2009, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Molinelli A, Odetti P, Viale L et al. Aspetti medico-legali e geriatrici del “maltrattamento” dell’anziano. G Gerontol 2007; 55: 170–80.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Manzini V. Trattato di diritto penale italiano, Volume VII. Torino: UTET, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Italian Supreme Court of Cassation — Penal Section, sentence 15/ 02/1943.

  22. Italian Supreme Court of Cassation — Penal Section, sentence 17/ 01/1984.

  23. Pasqualini R, Mussi C. Come riconoscere e prevenire l’abuso degli anziani. Giornale Italiano di Gerontologia 2001; 49: 42–7.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Codini G, Bossolasco R, Galli S et al. Elderly people, women and children victims of crime. Comparison and exchange of European experiences. Rivista del laboratorio di salute sociale 2004, Milano.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Aravanis S, Adelman R, Breckman R. Diagnostic and treatment guidelines on elder abuse and neglect. Arch Fam Med 1993; 2: 371–88.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Wei GS, Herbers JE. Reporting elder abuse: a medical, legal, and ethical overview. J Am Med Womens Assoc 2004; 59: 248–54.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrea Molinelli.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Molinelli, A., Viale, L., Landolfa, M.C. et al. Old age as an “alternative” to illness: gerontological and medico-legal aspects. Aging Clin Exp Res 23, 148–152 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03654782

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03654782

Key words

Navigation