Abstract
The TWOSTEP algorithm is examined for the case where the centered portion of the negative-log-likelihood function provides incomplete observability of the magnetometerbias vector. In those cases where the full negative-log-likelihood function provides a complete estimate, the TWOSTEP algorithm can be modified to provide an estimate of all three components of the magnetometer bias vector. However, the procedure leads to a discrete degeneracy of the estimate which can be resolved only by explicit evaluation of the negative-log-likelihood.
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Alonso, R., Shuster, M.D. Centering and Observability in Attitude-Independent Magnetometer-Bias Determination. J of Astronaut Sci 51, 133–141 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03546305
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03546305