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Defining Needs-based Urban Health Planning Areas is Feasible and Desirable

A Population-based Approach in Toronto, Ontario

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Abstract

Reporting health data for large urban areas presents numerous challenges. In the case of Toronto, Ontario, amalgamation in 1998 merged six census subdivisions into one megacity, resulting in the disappearance of standard reporting units. A population-based approach was used to define new health planning areas. Census tracts were used as building blocks and combined according to residential income homogeneity, respecting natural and man-made boundaries, forward sortation areas and the City of Toronto’s community neighbourhoods whenever possible. Correlations and maps were used to establish area boundaries. The city was divided into 5 major planning areas which were further subdivided creating 15 minor areas. Both major and minor areas showed significant differences in population characteristics, health status and health service utilization. This commentary demonstrates the feasibility and describes the outcomes of one method for establishing planning and reporting areas in large urban centres. Next steps include the further generation of health data for these areas, comparisons with other Canadian urban areas, and application of these methods to recently announced Ontario Local Health Integration Networks. These areas can be used for planning and evaluating health service delivery, comparison with other Canadian urban areas and ongoing monitoring of and advocacy for equity in health.

Résumé

La communication des données liées à la santé pour les grandes zones urbaines présente plusieurs défis. À Toronto (Ontario) par exemple, la fusion de six subdivisions de recensement en une seule mégapole, en 1998, a entraîné la suppression des unités déclarantes standard. On a adopté une approche fondée sur la population pour délimiter les nouvelles zones de planification des services de santé. Les secteurs de recensement ont servi de composantes de base et ont été combinés selon la répartition résidentielle en fonction du revenu (de manière à respecter les limites naturelles et artificielles) pour favoriser les zones de tri et les quartiers communautaires de la ville de Toronto, lorsque cela était possible. On s’est appuyé sur des corrélations et des cartes pour délimiter les zones. La ville a été divisée en cinq zones principales de planification, par la suite subdivisées en 15 zones secondaires. L’observation des zones principales et secondaires met en évidence des différences notables à l’égard des caractéristiques de la population, de son état de santé et de son utilisation des services de santé. Ces observations indiquent la faisabilité d’une telle entreprise et présentent les résultats d’une méthode d’établissement des zones de planification et de secteurs de déclaration dans les grands centres urbains. Les prochaines étapes viseront la production d’autres données liées à la santé pour ces zones, la réalisation d’analyses comparatives avec d’autres zones urbaines canadiennes et l’application de ces méthodes aux réseaux locaux d’intégration des services de santé, dont la création a été récemment annoncée par le gouvernement de l’Ontario. Ces zones peuvent servir à la planification et à l’évaluation des modes de prestation des services de santé, à la réalisation d’analyses comparatives avec d’autres zones urbaines canadiennes et à la surveillance et la promotion continues de l’équité dans le domaine de la santé.

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Correspondence to Richard H. Glazier MD, MPH.

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Acknowledgement: This work was sponsored by Toronto District Health Council, the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, and the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. The opinions, results and conclusions are those of the authors and no endorsement by the participating organizations is intended or should be inferred.

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Glazier, R.H., Vahabi, M., Damba, C. et al. Defining Needs-based Urban Health Planning Areas is Feasible and Desirable. Can J Public Health 96, 380–384 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404037

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404037

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