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Bedeutung der Überblähung bei COPD

Pathophysiologische Grundlagen

Importance of Air-Trapping in Patients with COPD. Pathophysiological Principle

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Zusammenfassung

Dyspnoe unter körperlicher Belastung ist das führende Symptom der COPD. Die Ursachen sind neben einer zunehmenden Dekonditionierung der Skelettmuskulatur und einer emphysembedingten Gasaustauschstörung vor allem eine dynamische Lungenüberblähung infolge einer peripheren bronchiolären Instabilität mit exspiratorischer Flusslimitation. Durch die belastungsinduzierte Überblähung kommt es zu einer Reduktion der inspiratorischen Kapazität. Dadurch ist eine adäquate Steigerung des Atemminutenvolumens unter Belastung nicht möglich. Die inadäquate ventilatorische Antwort auf einen gesteigerten Atemantrieb wird als Dyspnoe wahrgenommen. Durch lang anhaltende Bronchospasmolyse können die Lungenüberblähung reduziert und die Belastbarkeit gesteigert werden.

Abstract

Exertional dyspnea is the leading symptom in patients with COPD. The main causes are progressive weakness of skeletal muscles, reduction of diffusing capacity in emphysema and above all dynamic hyperinflation as a result of the collapsibility of bronchioli with expiratory flow limitation. The exercise-induced hyperinflation leads to a reduction of inspiratory capacity. Therefore, patients are unable to increase the minute volume under exercise. The inadequate ventilatory answer to an increased ventilatory drive is perceived as dyspnea. The inhalation of long-acting bronchodilators reduces hyperinflation and increases exercise capacity.

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Correspondence to Thomas H. Voshaar.

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Voshaar, T.H. Bedeutung der Überblähung bei COPD. Med Klin 100 (Suppl 1), 5–8 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03403439

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03403439

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