Abstract
A mass of circumstantial evidence is presented to indicate that the main source of alloy losses in open-hearth tapping is oxidation by air, with the steel apparently reacting with an amount of oxygen equivalent to about 30 times its own volume of air. The effect is erratic from heat to heat, depending largely on turbulence and distance of free fall of the stream of liquid metal.
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References
T. E. Brower and B. M. Larsen: The Occurrence of Oxygen in Liquid Open-hearth Steel—Sampling Methods. Trans. AIME (1945) 162, 712–722.
T. E. Brower and B. M. Larsen: Oxygen in Liquid Open-hearth Steel—Oxygen Content During the Refining Period. Trans. AIME (1947) 172, 137–163; Met. Tech. (Sept. 1946) TP 2035.
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AIME St. Louis Meeting, Feb. 1951.
TP 2872 C. Discussion (2 copies) may be sent to Transactions AIME before Aug. 1, 1950.
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Brower, T.E., Bain, J.W. & Larsen, B.M. Oxygen in liquid open-hearth steel—Oxidation during tapping and ladle filling. JOM 2, 851–861 (1950). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03399075
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03399075