References
The material of this section is presented more fully in ‘Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors” by W. Shockley. (1950) New York. D. Van Nostrand Co., and “Holes and Electrons” Physics Today (1950) 3, pp. 16–24.
J. R. Haynes and W. Shockley: Investigation of Hole Injection in Transistor Action. Physical Review (1949) 75, p. 691.
J. R. Haynes and W. Shockley: Mobility and Life of Injected Holes in Germanium. Physical Review (1951) 81, pp. 835–843.
See references 2 and 3 and J. R. Haynes and W. Westphal: Drift Mobility of Electrons in Silicon. Physical Review (1952) 85, p. 680.
J. Bardeen and W. H. Brattain: The Transistor, a Semiconductor Triode. Physical Review (1948) 74, p. 230; Physical Principles of Transistor Action. Physical Review (1949) 75, pp. 1208–1255.
The theory of the junction transistor was published in the Bell System Technical Journal for July 1949; the performance of microwatt junction transistors was presented in July 1952. Some references are W. Shockley: The Theory of p-n Junctions in Semiconductors and p-n Junction Transistors. Bell System Technical Journal (1949) 28, pp. 435–489
W. Shockley; M. Sparks, and G. K. Teal: p-n Junction Transistors. Physical Review (1951) 83, pp. 151–162
R. L. Wallace and W. J. Pietenpol: Some Circuit Properties and Applications of n-p-n Transistors. Bell System Technical Journal (1951) 30, pp. 530–563.
For a review of the early work by L. Prandtl, U. Dehlinger, E. Orowan, M. Polyani, and G. I. Taylor and references to their papers, see F. Seitz: The Physics of Metals. (1943) New York. McGraw-Hill Book Co., or review articles such as F. Seitz and T. A. Read: Journal of Applied Physics (1951) 12, pp. 100, 170, 470, 538. Several monographs have recently been published: Report of a Conference on Strength of Solids. The Physical Society, London, (1948); A Symposium on the Plastic Deformation of Solids. Carnegie Inst, of Tech. and Dept. of the Navy, Office of Naval Research, Pittsburgh, (1950); Imperfections in Nearly Perfect Crystals. (1952) New York. John Wiley and Sons. Books on the theory of dislocations are understood to be in preparation by F. R. N. Nabarro and W. T. Read, Jr.
G. I. Taylor: Proc. Royal Soc. (1934) 145, p. 362, emphasized the role of dislocations of this sort and the interactions between them in the phenomenon of work hardening.
F. R. N. Nabarro: Proc. Physical Soc. (1947) 58, p. 669.
A series of four papers have been published as follows: (See also (b) (a) A dynamical model of a crystal structure: W. L. Bragg and J. F. Nye: Proc. Royal Soc. (1947) A190, p. 474
W. L. Bragg and W. M. Lomer: Proc. Royal Soc. (1949) A196, p. 171
W. M. Lomer: Proc. Royal Soc. (1949) A196, p. 182; W. M. Lomer and J. F. Nye: Proc. Royal Soc. I. press, (b) The forces between floating bubbles and a quantitative study of the Bragg “Bubble Model” of a crystal
W. M. Lomer: Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. (1949) 45, p. 660
M. M. Nicolson: Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. (1949) 45, p. 288.
J. M. Burgers: Proc. Kon. Wed. Akad, v. Wet. Amsterdam (1939) 42, p. 293.
F. C. Frank and W. T. Read, Jr.: Physical Review (1950) 79, p. 722.
A. Masing and M. Polyani: Ergeb. Exakt. Naturwiss (1933) 2, p. 177.
F. C. Frank: Dislocations in Crystals. Solvay Conference, Brussels, Belgium, Oct. 1951. In press.
A. R. Verma: Philosophical Magazine (1951) 42, p. 1005.
I. M. Dawson and V. Vand: Nature (1951) 167, p. 476; and Proc. Royal Soc. (1951) A206, p. 555.
W. L. Bragg: Proc. Physical Soc. (1940) 52, p. 54.
J. M. Burgers: Proc. Physical Soc. (1940) 52, p. 23.
W. T. Read, Jr., and W. Shockley: Physical Review (1949) 75, p. 692; (1950) 78, p. 275.
C. G. Dunn and F. Lionetti: Trans. AIME (1949) 185, p. 125; Journal of Metals (February 1949).
C. G. Dunn, F. W. Daniels, and M. J. Bolton: Trans. AIME (1950) 188, pp. 368–377, and pp. 1245–1248; Journal of Metals (February 1950 and October 1950).
W. T. Read, Jr. and W. Shockley: Paper 13 “Imperfections in Nearly Perfect Crystals.” (1952) New-York. John Wiley and Sons. I. addition to Dunn’s data, the plot includes data on tin and lead by Aust and Chalmers: Proc. Royal Soc. (1949) A201, p. 210, and (1950) A204, p. 359.
W. Shockley: Cold Working of Metals. Amer. Soc. Metals (1949) pp. 131–147.
I am indebted to Professor Parker for his permission to describe these recent experiments.
K. G. Compton, A. Mendizza, and S. M. Arnold: Corrosion (1951) 7, p. 327.
C. Herring and J. K. Galt: Physical Review (1952) 85, p. 1060.
R. D. Heidenreich and W. Shockley: Report of a Conference on the Strength of Solids. The Physical Soc, London, (1948) p. 57.
J. K. Roros: Personal communication, February 1952.
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TP 3336E. Manuscript, May 12, 1952. New York Meeting, February 1952.
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Shockley, W. Solid State Physics in Electronics and in Metallurgy. JOM 4, 829–842 (1952). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03398148
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03398148