Skip to main content
Log in

IFRS 7 Disclosures and Risk Perception of Financial Instruments

  • Financial Instruments
  • Published:
Schmalenbach Business Review Aims and scope

Abstract

There are many choices when reporting and disclosing financial instruments under IFRS 7. Behavioral theory suggests that the label used to present a financial instrument affects investors’ risk perception. We use an experimental setting to analyze how and why the European practice of reporting financial instruments by measurement categories affects the risk perception of nonprofessional investors. We find that risk perception is associated with management’s choice of a measurement category. Our results imply that there should be a wider debate about possible presentation formats for financial instruments, as the current format does not necessarily ensure a neutral presentation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmed, Anwer S., Emre Kilic, and Gerald J. Lobo (2006), Does Recognition Versus Disclosure Matter? Evidence from Value-Relevance of Banks’ Recognized and Disclosed Derivative Financial Instruments, The Accounting Review 81, 567–588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barth, Mary E., Greg Clinch, and Toshi Shibano (2003), Market Effects of Recognition and Disclosure, Journal of Accounting Research 41, 581–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bischof, Jannis (2009), The Effects of IFRS 7 Adoption on Bank Disclosure in Europe, Accounting in Europe 6, 167–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bischof, Jannis and Michael Ebert (2011), The Mixed Accounting Model under IAS 39: Current Impact on Bank Balance Sheets and Future Developments, Journal of Financial Transformation 31, 165–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodnar, Gordon M. and Günther Gebhardt (1999), Derivatives Usage in Risk Management by US and German Non-Financial Firms: A Comparative Survey, Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting 10, 153–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camerer, Colin F. and Robin M. Hogarth (1999), The Effects of Financial Incentives in Experiments: A Review and Capital-Labor-Production Framework, Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 19, 7–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, Donald J. (1988), Task Complexity: A Review and Analysis, The Academy of Management Review 13, 40–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis-Friday, Paquita Y., Chao-Shin Liu, and H. Fred Mittelstaedt (2004), Recognition and Disclosure Reliability: Evidence from SFAS No. 106, Contemporary Accounting Research 21, 399–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, J. Richard, Steven J. Kachelmeier, Don N. Kleinmuntz, and Thomas J. Linsmeier (2001), Market Efficiency, Bounded Rationality, and Supplemental Business Reporting Disclosures, Journal of Accounting Research 39, 243–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ebert, Michael (2010), Der Konzernabschluss als Element der Corporate Governance, Wiesbaden: Gabler.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, W. Brooke, Frank D. Hodge, Jane J. Kennedy, and Maarten Pronk (2007), Are M.B.A. Students a Good Proxy for Nonprofessional Investors?, The Accounting Review 82, 139–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst & Young (2014), International GAAP 2014, Vol. 3, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  • Folkes, Valerie S. (1988), The Availability Heuristic and Perceived Risk, Journal of Consumer Research 15, 13–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gebhardt, Günther (2012), Financial Instruments in Non-Financial Firms: What Do We Know?, Accounting and Business Research 43, 267–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gebhardt, Günther, Rolf Reichardt, and Carsten Wittenbrink (2004), Accounting for Financial Instruments in the Banking Industry: Conclusions from a Simulation Model, European Accounting Review 13, 341–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grayson, Carla E. and Norbert Schwarz (1999), Beliefs Influence Information Processing Strategies: Declarative and Experiential Information in Risk Assessment, Social Cognition 17, 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirshleifer, David and Siew Hong Teoh (2003), Limited Attention, Information Disclosure, and Financial Reporting, Journal of Accounting and Economics 36, 337–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirst, D. Eric and Patrick E. Hopkins (1998), Comprehensive Income Reporting and Analysts’ Valuation Judgments, Journal of Accounting Research 36, Supplement, 47–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirst, D. Eric, Patrick E. Hopkins, and James M. Wahlen (2004), Fair Values, Income Measurement, and Bank Analysts’ Risk and Valuation Judgments, The Accounting Review 79, 453–472.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, Patrick E. (1996), The Effect of Financial Statement Classification of Hybrid Financial Instruments on Financial Analysts’ Stock Price Judgments, Journal of Accounting Research 34, Supplement, 33–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kachelmeier, Steven J. and Ronald R. King (2002), Using Laboratory Experiments to Evaluate Accounting Policy Issues, Accounting Horizons 16, 219–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kadous, Kathryn, Susan D. Krische, and Lisa M. Sedor (2006), Using Counter-Explanation to Limit Analysts’ Forecast Optimism, The Accounting Review 81, 377–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahneman, Daniel and Shane Frederick (2002), Representativeness Revisited: Attribute Substitution in Intuitive Judgment, in Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin, and Daniel Kahnemann (eds.), Heuristics and Biases, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 49–81.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Koonce, Lisa, Marlys G. Lipe, and Mary L. McAnally (2005), Judging the Risk of Financial Instruments: Problems and Potential Remedies, The Accounting Review 80, 871–895.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koonce, Lisa, Marlys G. Lipe, and Mary L. McAnally (2008), Investor Reactions to Derivative Use and Outcomes, Review of Accounting Studies 13, 571–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koonce, Lisa, Mary L. McAnally, and Molly Mercer (2005), How Do Investors Judge the Risk of Financial Items?, The Accounting Review 80, 221–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Libby, Robert, Robert Bloomfield, and Mark W. Nelson (2002), Experimental Research in Financial Accounting, Accounting, Organizations and Society 27, 775–810.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Libby, Robert and Joan Luft (1993), Determinants of Judgment Performance in Accounting Settings: Ability, Knowledge, Motivation, and Environment, Accounting, Organizations, and Society 18, 425–450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maines, Lauren A. and Linda S. McDaniel (2000), Effects of Comprehensive-Income Characteristics on Nonprofessional Investors’ Judgments: The Role of Financial-Statement Presentation Format, The Accounting Review 75, 179–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peecher, Mark E. and Ira Solomon (2001), Theory and Experimentation in Studies of Audit Judgments and Decisions: Avoiding Common Research Traps, International Journal of Auditing 5, 193–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schipper, Katherine (2007), Required Disclosures in Financial Reports, The Accounting Review 82, 301–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, Norbert and Leigh A. Vaughn (2002), The Availability Heuristic Revisited: Ease of Recall and Content of Recall as Distinct Sources of Information, in Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin, and Daniel Kahnemann (eds.), Heuristics and Biases, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 103–119.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Shefrin, Hersh and Meir Statman (2000), Behavioral Portfolio Theory, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 35, 127–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shleifer, Andrei (2000), Inefficient Markets, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Steenkamp, Jan-Benedict, Greg Allenby, Sachin Gupta, and Joseph Verducci (2001), Analysis of Constant Sum Scores, Journal of Consumer Psychology 10, 41–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trombley, Mark A. (2003), Accounting for Derivatives and Hedging, Irwin, Boston et al.: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tversky, Amos and Daniel Kahneman (1973), Availability: A Heuristic for Judging Frequency and Probability, Cognitive Psychology 5, 207–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walton, Peter (2004), IAS 39: Where Different Accounting Models Collide, Accounting in Europe 1, 5–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, Elke U., Niklas Siebenmorgen, and Martin Weber (2005), Communicating Asset Risk: How Name Recognition and the Format of Historic Volatility Information Affect Risk Perception and Investment Decisions, Risk Analysis 25, 597–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wüstemann, Jens and Sonja Wüstemann (2010), Why Consistency of Accounting Standards Matters: A Contribution to the Rules-Versus-Principles Debate in Financial Reporting, Abacus 46, 1–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jannis Bischof.

Additional information

We thank Wolfgang Dick (ESSEC Business School), Hermann Jahnke (University of Bielefeld), and Stefan Wielenberg (Leibniz University of Hannover) for the opportunity to conduct the experiments in their graduate accounting courses. Financial support from the DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German National Science Foundation), the J.P. Stiegler Foundation (Mannheim), the German Academic Association for Business Research (VHB), and the Schmalenbach Society (Cologne) is gratefully acknowledged. We are also grateful for the helpful comments of two anonymous referees, Holger Daske, Fredrik Ericsson, Christopher Koch, Edgar Löw, Sarah Rice, Eddie Riedl, Bill Simpson, and seminar participants at the University of Mannheim, the ESSEC Business School, the National Research Center on Concepts of Rationality, Decision Making and Economic Modeling (SFB 504), the ARA Workshop in Bielefeld, the EAA Annual Congresses in Lisbon and Rotterdam, the AAA Annual Congress in Anaheim, the Workshop on Accounting in Europe in Lund, as well as the VHB Annual Congress in Berlin. We wish to thank Anne Hannusch and Matthias Nicolmann for their excellent research assistance.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bischof, J., Ebert, M. IFRS 7 Disclosures and Risk Perception of Financial Instruments. Schmalenbach Bus Rev 66, 276–308 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03396908

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03396908

JEL Classification

Keywords

Navigation