Skip to main content
Log in

Facilitating Responding in Accordance with the Relational Frame of Comparison: Systematic Empirical Analyses

  • Published:
The Psychological Record Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The current article examines patterns of adult responding to different types of more-than and less-than relations, as well as procedures for facilitating responding in accordance with these relations. Using parameters suggested in the three-term series literature, the more-than and less-than relations were separated into six distinct trial types. Systematic comparisons were then drawn between repeated test exposures, the provision of automated feedback, and the presentation of nonarbitrary trials. the results showed that feedback was the most effective intervention for facilitating responding to the target relations. When feedback and nonarbitrary trials were combined, their impact was only marginally better than either intervention alone. These findings are discussed in terms of relational frame theory and interventions for remediating deficits in derived relational responding.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • BARNES-HOLMES, D., HAYES, S.C., DYMOND, S., & O’HORA, D. (2001). Multiple stimulus relations and the transformation of stimulus functions. In S. C. Hayes, D. Barnes-Holmes, & B. T. Roche (Eds.) Relational Frame Theory: A Post-Skinnerian account of human language and cognition (pp. 51–72). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • BARNES-HOLMES, Y., BARNES-HOLMES, D., ROCHE, B., & SMEETS, P.M. (2001a). Exemplar training and a derived transformation of functions in accordance with symmetry. The Psychological Record, 51, 287–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BARNES-HOLMES, Y., BARNES-HOLMES, D., ROCHE, B., & SMEETS, P.M. (2001b). Exemplar training and a derived transformation of functions in accordance with symmetry: II. The Psychological Record, 51, 589–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BARNES-HOLMES, Y., BARNES-HOLMES, D., SMEETS, P.M., STRAND, P., & FRIMAN, P. (2004). Establishing relational responding in accordance with more-than and less-than as generalized operant behavior in young children. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 4, 531–558.

    Google Scholar 

  • BYRNE, R.M.J., & JOHNSON-LAIRD, P.N. (1989). Spatial reasoning. Journal of Memory and Tanguage, 28, 564–575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BYRNE, R.M.J., & HANDLEY, S. J. (1992). Reasoning strategies. Irish Journal of Psychology, 13, 111–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CLARK, H. H. (1969). Linguistic processes in deductive reasoning. Psychological Review, 76, 387–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DYMOND, S., & BARNES, D. (1995). A transformation of self-discrimination response functions in accordance with the arbitrarily applicable relations of sameness, more-than, and less-than. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 64, 163–184.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • DYMOND, S., & BARNES, D. (1996). A transformation of self-discrimination response functions in accordance with the arbitrarily applicable relations of sameness and opposition. The Psychological Record, 46, 271–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • GORHAM, M. (2004). Establishing relational responding in accordance with more-than and less-than and transitive relations in normally-developing and young children diagnosed with autism. Unpublished undergraduate thesis of the National University of Ireland, Maynooth.

    Google Scholar 

  • HAYES-ROTH, B., & HAYES-ROTH, F. (1975). Plasticity in Memorial Networks. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14, 506–522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HAYES, S.C., BARNES-HOLMES, D., & ROCHE, B. (2001). Relational frame theory: A post-Skinnerian account of human language and cognition. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • HEALY, O., BARNES-HOLMES, D., & SMEETS, P.M. (2000). Derived relational responding as generalized operant behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 74, 207-227.

    Google Scholar 

  • HORNE, P.J., & LOWE, C.F. (1996). On the origins of naming and other symbolic behavior. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 65, 182–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HORNE, P. J., LOWE, C.F., & HARRIS, F.D.A. (2007). Naming and categorizing in young children: V. Manual sign training. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 87, 367–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HUNTER, I.M.L. (1957). The solving of three term series problems. British Journal of Psychology, 48, 286–298.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JOHNSON-LAIRD, P.N., & BYRNE, R.M.J. (1990). Methodological reasoning: Knights, knaves and Rips. Cognition, 36, 69–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LIPKENS, R., HAYES, S.C., & HAYES, L. J. (1993). Longitudinal study of the development of derived relations in an infant. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 56, 201–239.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MANI, K., & LOHNSON-LAIRD, P.N. (1982). The mental representation of spatial descriptions. Memory & Cognition, 10, 181–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MOESER, S.D., & TARRANT, B.L. (1977). Learning a network of comparisons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 3, 643–659.

    Google Scholar 

  • RIPS, L. J. (1989). The psychology of knights and knaves. Cognition, 31, 85–116.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ROCHE, B., & BARNES, D. (1996). Arbitrarily applicable relational responding and human sexual categorization: A critical test of the derived difference relation. The Psychological Record, 46, 451–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ROCHE, B., & BARNES, D. (1997). A transformation of respondently conditioned stimulus function in accordance with arbitrarily applicable relations. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 67, 275–300.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • RUSSELL, J., MCCORMACK, T., ROBINSON, J., & LILLIS, G. (1996). Logical (versus associative) performance on transitive reasoning tasks by children: Implications for the status of animals’ performance. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49b, 231–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • SIDMAN, M. (1971). Reading and auditory-visual equivalences. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 14, 5–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SIDMAN, M. (1994). Equivalence relations and behavior: A research story. Boston: Authors Cooperative.

    Google Scholar 

  • STEELE, D.L., & HAYES, S.C. (1991). Stimulus equivalence and arbitrarily applicable relational responding. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 56, 519–555.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • STERNBERG, R.J. (1980). Representation and process in linear syllogistic reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109, 119–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • STERNBERG, R.J. (1981). Intelligence and nonentrenchment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WULFERT, E., & HAYES, S.C. (1988). The transfer of conditional sequencing through conditional equivalence classes. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50, 125–144.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yvonne Barnes-Holmes.

Additional information

The current work was conducted as part of the doctoral research program undertaken by the first author at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth. This research was funded by the Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Vitale, A., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Barnes-Holmes, D. et al. Facilitating Responding in Accordance with the Relational Frame of Comparison: Systematic Empirical Analyses. Psychol Rec 58, 365–390 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395624

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395624

Navigation