Abstract
Six male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to examine the long-term retention of an olfactory discrimination learning set. Rats were trained on 30 odor-unique, 5-trial discrimination problems, transferred to an olfactory discrimination reversal task, and then given a 6-week break in training. The rats demonstrated use of a learning set by performing significantly better than expected by chance on Trial 2 on both the olfactory discrimination problems and the olfactory discrimination reversal problems. Following the 6-week break in training, retention of learning set was tested using 20 new odor-unique discrimination problems. The rats again performed significantly better than expected by chance on Trial 2 in the retention test indicating they had retained the learning set.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
BAILEY, A. M., RUDISILL, M. L., HOOF, E. J., & LOVING, M. L. (2003). 192 IgG-Saporin lesions to the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nBm) disrupts acquisition of learning set formation. Brain Research, 969, 147–159.
BAILEY, A. M., & THOMAS, R. K. (1998). An investigation of oddity concept learning by rats. The Psychological Record, 48, 333–344.
BAILEY, A. M., & THOMAS, R. K. (2001). The effects of nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nBm) lesions in Long-Evans Hooded rats (Rattus norvegicus) on two learning set formation tasks, delayed matching-to-sample learning, and open field activity. Behavioral Neuroscience, 115(2), 328–340.
BEACH, F. A., III, & HERMAN, L. M. (1972). Preliminary studies of auditory problem solving and intertask transfer by the bottlenose dolphin. The Psychological Record, 22, 49–62.
BITTERMAN, M. E. (1965). Phyletic differences in learning. American Psychologist, 20, 396–410.
BRAUN, H. W., PATTON, R. A, & BARNES, H. W. (1952). Effects of electroshock convulsions upon the learning performance of monkeys: I. Object-quality discrimination learning. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 45, 231–238.
CHOW, K. L. (1954). Effects of temporal neocortical ablation on visual discrimination learning sets in monkeys. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 47, 194–198.
DUFORT, R. H., GUTTMAN, N., & KIMBLE, G. A. (1954). Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 47, 248–249.
DOTY, B. A., JONES, C. N., & DOTY, L. A (1967). Learning-set formation by mink, ferrets, skunks, and cats. Science, 155, 1579–1580.
FELLOWS, B. J. (1967). Chance stimulus sequences for discrimination tasks. Psychological Bulletin, 67(2), 87–92.
HARLOW, H. F. (1949). The formation of learning sets. Psychological Review, 56, 51–65.
HAYES, K. J., THOMPSON, R., & HAYES, C. (1953). Discrimination learning set in chimpanzees. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 46, 99–104.
HUNTER, M. W., III, & KAMIL, A. C. (1971). Object-discrimination learning set and hypothesis behavior in the northern bluejay (Cynaocitta cristata). Psychonomic Science, 22, 271–273.
KAMIL, A. C., & HUNTER, M. W., III. (1970). Performance on object-discrimination learning set by the greater hill myna (Gracula religiosa). Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 73(1), 68–73.
KAMIL, A. C., LOUGEE, M., & SHULMAN, R. I. (1973). Learning-set behavior in the learning-set experienced blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata). Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 82(3), 394–405.
KAMIL, A. C., & MAULDIN, J. E. (1975). Intraproblem retention during learning-set acquisition in bluejays (Cyanocitta cristata). Animal Learning & Behavior, 3(2), 125–130.
LEVINE, M. (1965). Hypothesis behavior. In A M. Schrier, H. F. Harlow, & F. Stollnitz (Eds.), Behavior of nonhuman primates: Vol 1. New York: Academic Press.
LOVELACE, C., & SLOTNICK, B. M. (1995). Memory for brief, widely spaced odor presentations in the rat. Chemical Senses, 20, 183–190.
LU, X-C., & SLOTNICK, B. M. (1990). Acquisition of an olfactory learning-set in rats with lesions of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. Chemical Senses, 15(6), 713–724.
MACKINTOSH, N. J. (1974). The psychology of animal learning. New York: Academic Press.
MACKINTOSH, N. J., & HOLGATE, V. (1969). Serial reversal learning and nonreversal shift learning. Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology, 67, 89–93.
MILES, R. C. (1957). Learning set formation in the squirrel monkey. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 50, 356–357.
NIGROSH, B. J., SLOTNICK, B. M., & NEVIN, J. A. (1975). Olfactory discrimination, reversal learning, and stimulus control in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 89(4), 285–294.
NORTH, A. J. (1950). Improvement in successive discrimination reversals. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 43, 442–460.
O’GRADY, R. S., & JENNINGS, J. W. (1974). Reversal learning set in successive discrimination reversal learning and transfer with rats using visual and olfactory cues. The Psychological Record, 24, 243–251.
SCHRIER, A. M. (1974). Transfer between the repeated reversal and learning set tasks: A reexamination. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 87(5), 1004–1010.
SCHUSTERMAN, R. J. (1962). Transfer effects of successive discrimination-reversal training in chimpanzees. Science, 137, 422–423.
SLOTNICK, B. M. (1984). Olfactory stimulus control in the rat. Chemical Senses, 9, 157–165.
SLOTNICK, B. M., HANFORD, L., & HODOS, W. (2000). Can rats acquire an olfactory learning set? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 26(4), 399–415.
SLOTNICK, B. M., & KATZ, H. M. (1974). Olfactory learning-set formation in rats. Science, 105, 796–798.
SLOTNICK, B. M., KUFERA, A., & SILBERBERG, A. M. (1991). Olfactory learning and odor memory in the rat. Physiology and Behavior, 50, 555–561.
STRONG, P. N. (1959). Memory for object discriminations in the rhesus monkey. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 52, 333–335.
THOMAS, R. K. (1989, March). Conceptual behavior and learning set formation. Paper presented at the meeting of the Southern Society for Philosophy and Psychology, Atlanta, GA.
THOMAS, R. K., & NOBLE, L. M. (1988). Visual and olfactory learning in rats: What evidence is necessary to show conceptual behavior? Animal Learning and Behavior, 16, 157–163.
WARREN, J. M. (1966). Reversal learning and the formation of learning sets by cats and rhesus monkeys. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 61(3), 421–428.
WARREN, J. M., & BARON, A. (1956). The formation of learning sets by cats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 49, 227–231.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bailey, A.M. Long-Term Retention of Olfactory Discrimination Learning Set in Rats. Psychol Rec 56, 219–231 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395546
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395546