Skip to main content
Log in

Acquisition and Retention of Response Patterns in Compound Classical Conditioning

  • Published:
The Psychological Record Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The acquisition and long-term retention of overt response patterns were recorded during compound conditioning with mice. A 10-sec light + tone compound was terminated by a food pellet unconditioned stimulus, with the subject’s relative location tracked by computer during control and stimulus intervals. Compound conditioning elicited a variety of response patterns, including uniformly brief orienting responses to the localized light and tone intermixed with variable duration responses to the food cup. The response patterns resulted in both a complementary inhibition and a sequential dependence between responses that remained relatively stable for 120 to 180 days following initial conditioning. The compound conditioned stimuli elicited a molecular or within-trial “overshadowing” effect, with food cup responses differentially dependent upon the prior occurrence of orienting responses to either the light or tone. Both the concurrent inhibition and sequential elicitation of responses in Pavlovian conditioning are consistent with previous analyses of response patterns in experimental schedules.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • ANOKHIN, P.K. 1958. The role of the orienting exploratory reflex in the formation of the conditioned reflex. In L.G. Voronin, A.N. Leontiev, A.R. Luria, E.N. Sokolov, & O.S. Vinogradova (Eds.), Orienting reflex and exploratory behavior. Moscow: Academy of Pedagogical Sciences.

    Google Scholar 

  • BAUERMEISTER, J.J., & SCHAEFFER, R.W. 1974. Reinforcement relation: Reversibility within daily experimental sessions. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 3, 206–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BEST, M.R., DOMJAN, M., & HASKINS, W.L. 1978. Long term retention of flavor familiarization: Effects of number and amount of prior exposures. Behavioral Biology, 23, 95–99.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BOLLES, R.C. 1960. Grooming behavior in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 53, 306–310.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BOLLES, R.C. 1967. Theory of motivation. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • BRADY, J.V. 1971. Emotion revisited. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 8, 363–385.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BRADY, J.V., & HUNT, H.F. 1955. An experimental approach to the analysis of emotional behavior. Journal of Psychology, 40, 313–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BYKOV, V.D. 1958. On the dynamics of the orienting-exploratory reaction during the formation of positive and inhibitory conditioned reflexes and their alterations. In L.G. Voronin, A.N. Leontiev, A.R. Luria, E.N. Sokolov, & O.S. Vinogradova (Eds.), Orienting reflex and exploratory behavior. Moscow: Academy of Pedagogical Sciences.

    Google Scholar 

  • BRUSH, F.R. 1971. Retention of aversively motivated behavior. In F.R. Brush (Ed.), Aversive conditioning and learning. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • CAMPBELL, B.A. 1967. Developmental studies of learning and motivation infra-primate mammals. In H.W. Stevenson, E.H. Hess, & H.L. Rheingold (Eds.), Early behavior: Comparative and developmental approaches. New York: John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • CAMPBELL, B.A., & CAMPBELL, E.H. 1962. Retention and extinction of learned fear in infant and adult rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 1–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CAMPBELL, B.A., JAYNES, J.R., & MISANIN, J. 1968. Retention of a light-dark discrimination in rats of different ages. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 66, 467–472.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CAMPBELL, B.A., & SPEAR, N.E. 1972. Ontogeny of memory. Psychological Review, 79, 215–236.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DOMJAN, M. 1977. Attenuation and enhancement of neophobia for edible substances. In L.M. Barker, M.R. Best, & M. Domjan (Eds.), Learning mechanisms in food selection. Waco, Texas: Baylor University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • GANT, W. H. 1965. Pavlov’s systems. In B.B. Wolman (Ed.), Scientific psychology. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • GANT, W.H. 1966. Conditioned or conditional, reflex or response? Conditional Reflex, 1, 69–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • GLEITMAN, H. 1971. Forgetting of long-term memories in animals. In W.K. Honig & P.H.R. James (Eds.), Animal memory. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • GLEITMAN, H., & HOLMES, P.A. 1967. Retention of incompletely learned Cer in rats. Psychon om ic Science, 7, 19–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HENTON, W.W. 1972. Avoidance response rates during a prefood stimulus in monkeys. Journal of the Experimental A nalysis of Behavior, 17, 269–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HENTON, W.W., & BRADY, J.V. 1970. Operant acceleration during a pre-food stimulus. Journal of the Experimental A nalysis of Behavior, 13, 205–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HENTON, W.W., & IVERSEN, I.H. 1978. Classical conditioning and operant conditioning: A response pattern analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • HENTON, W.W., & SPOHN, W.D. 1980. Classical conditioning with compound unconditioned stimuli. The Psychological Record, 30, 47–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • HOLLAND, P.C. 1977. Conditioned stimulus as a determinant of the form of the Pavlovian conditioned response. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 3, 77–104.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • IVERSEN, I.H. 1975. Concurrent responses during multiple schedules in rats. Scandanavian Journal of Psychology, 16, 49–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IVERSEN, I.H. 1976. Interactions between reinforced responses and collateral responses. The Psychological Record, 26, 399–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • JENKINS, H.M., BARRERA, F.J., IRELAND, C., & WOODSIDE, B. 1978. Signal centered action patterns of dogs in appetitive classical conditioning. Learning and Motivation, 9, 272–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KAMIN, L.J. 1968. Attention-like processes in classical conditioning. In M.R. Jones (Ed.), Miami symposium on the prediction of behavior: Aversive stimulation. Miami: University of Miami Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • KAMIN, L.J. 1969. Predictability, surprise, attention, and conditioning. In R. Church & B.A. Campbell (Eds.), Punishment and aversive behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

    Google Scholar 

  • KANTOR, J.R. 1959. Interbehavioralpsychology. Bloomington, Indiana: Principia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • KONORSKI, J. 1967. Integrative activity of the brain. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • KONORSKI, J. 1972. Some ideas concerning physiological mechanisms of so-called internal inhibition. In R.A. Boakes & M.S. Halliday (Eds.), Inhibition and learning. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • MOROSS, G.G., & KAUFMAN, G.I. 1976. Activity monitor for small animals. Physiology and Behavior, 16, 493–495.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • PAVLOV, I.P. 1927. Conditioned reflexes. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • PREMACK, D. 1965. Reinforcement theory. In D. Levine (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • RAY, R.D. 1977. Psychological experiments as interbehavioral systems: A case study from the Soviet Union. The Psychological Record, 27, 279–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • RAY, R.D., & BROWN, D.A. 1975. A systems approach to science. The Psychological Record, 25, 459–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • RAY, R.D., & BROWN, D.A. 1976. The behavioral specificity of stimulation: A systems approach to procedural distinctions of classical and instrumental conditioning. Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science, 11, 3–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • RESCORLA, R.A., & WAGNER, A.R. 1972. A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonrenforcement. In A.H. Black & W.F. Prokasy (Eds.), Classical conditioning II. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHAEFFER, R.W. 1965. The reinforcement relation as a function of instrumental response base rate. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69, 419–425.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SCHAEFFER, R.W., HUNT, E.L., & KIMELDORF, D.J. 1967. Application of Premack’s theory to a classical conditioned sucrose aversion induced by X-ray exposure. The Psychological Record, 17, 359–367.

    Google Scholar 

  • STADDON, J.E.R. 1977. Behavioral competition in conditioning situations: Notes toward a theory of generalization and inhibition. In H. Davis & H.M.B. Hurwitz (Eds.), Operant-Pavlovian interactions. Hillside, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • STADDON, J.E.R., & SIMMELHAG, V.L. 1971. The “superstition” experiment: A reexamination of its implications for the principles of adaptive behavior. Psychological Review, 78, 3–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • STOLUROW, L.M. 1973. Conditioning. In B.B. Wolman (Ed.), Handbook of general psychology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • WONG, P.T.P. 1977. A behavioral field approach to instrumental learning in the rat: I. Partial reinforcement effects and sex differences. Animal Learning and Behavior, 5, 5–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WONG, P.T.P. 1979. A behavioral field approach to general activity: Sex differences and food deprivation in the rat. Animal Learning and Behavior, 7, 111–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ZENER, K. 1937. The significance of behavior accompanying conditioned salivary secretion for theories of the conditioned response. American Journal of Psychology, 50, 384–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Henton, W.W., Fisher, B.R. & Spohn, W.D. Acquisition and Retention of Response Patterns in Compound Classical Conditioning. Psychol Rec 31, 165–181 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394733

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394733

Navigation