Abstract
Circannual observations of captive American Robins under natural illumination revealed that the birds awakened earlier (relative to sunrise) and showed roosttime restlessness and retired later (relative to sunset) during the summer than during the winter. These effects suggest that the illumination levels coinciding with awakening, retiring, and roosttime restlessness are respectively lower during the breeding season than at other times of year.
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Eiserer, L.A. Seasonal Changes in Times of Awakening, Retiring, and Roosttime Restlessness in Captive American Robins (Turdus Migratorius). Psychol Rec 30, 277–281 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394678
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394678