Skip to main content
Log in

Case Study in Self-Determinism: A Model for Client-Assisted Self-Help

  • Published:
The Psychological Record Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents a case history in which a client self-recorded and intervened in her pain-producing and painful behaviors. The counseling process focused upon facilitating client awareness and change through selfobservation and self-determinism procedures. Throughout the counseling process, the client chose (a) which behaviors would be self-recorded, (b) the beginning and termination of self-recording for each behavior, (c) whether or not to apply a self-determinism (self-intervention) procedure, (d) the specific self-intervention for each behavior and (e) the interval between onset and termination of each self-intervention. Over the course of the self-help program, the client self-recorded with respect to nine sets of problem behaviors and chose to apply a self-determinism procedure with respect to six of these sets. This paper describes in detail four of these processes. To the author’s knowledge, no published report documents such extensive application of self-management procedures. Finally, this paper attempts to present the process of self-determinism as an adjunct to counseling or therapy. The client is seen as an equal partner in the therapeutic work, exerts freedom of choice from the start of the counseling process, and cannot be victimized by a counselor’s application of one or two preferred modalities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References Note

  1. LINDSLEY, O.R. 1969. Should we decelerate urges or actions? Thou shalt not covet. Paper presented at the 77th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  2. LINDSLEY, O.R. 1971. First graders selecting and charting their own academic growth. Paper presented at the second annual Conference on Behavior Analysis in education, Lawrence, Kansas.

    Google Scholar 

References

  • CIMINERO, A.R., NELSON, R.O., & LIPINSKI, D. P. 1977. Self-monitoring procedures. In A.R. Ciminero, K.S. Calhoun, & H.E. Adams (Eds.), Handbook of behavioral assessment. New York: John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • DUNCAN, A.D. 1971. The view from the inner eye: Personal management of inner and outer behaviors. Teaching Exceptional Children, 3, 152–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ELLIS, A., & HARPER, R.A. 1961. A guide to rational living. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • ERNST, F.A. 1973. Self-recording and counterconditioning of a self-mutilative compulsion. Behavior Therapy, 4, 144–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GOLDIAMOND, I. 1965. Self-control procedures in personal behavior problems. Psychological Reports, 17, 851–868.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • GORDON, T. 1970. Parent effectiveness training. New York: Peter H. Wyden, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • HOGAN, R.A. 1974. Implosive therapy in the short-term treatment of psychotics. In H. Greenwald (Ed.), Active psychotherapy. New York: Jason Aronson.

    Google Scholar 

  • HOMME, L.E. 1965. Perspectives in psychology: XIV. Control of coverants, the operants of the mind. The Psychological Record, 15, 501–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • JACOBSEN, E. 1938. Progressive relaxation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • JANOV, A. 1970. The primal scream. New York: Putnam.

    Google Scholar 

  • JOHNSON, W. G. 1971. Some applications of Homme’s coverant control therapy: Two case reports. Behavior Therapy, 2, 242–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • KAHN, M., & BAKER, B. 1968. Desensitization with minimal therapist contact. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 73, 198–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • KANFER, F.H. 1970a. Self-regulaton: Research, issues and speculations. In C.H. Neuringer & J.L. Michael (Eds.), Behavior modification in clinical psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

    Google Scholar 

  • KANFER, F.H. 1970b. Self-monitoring: Methodological limitations and clinical applcations. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35, 148–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KANFER, F.H., & PHILLIPS, J. S. 1966. Behavior therapy: A panacea for all ills or a passing fancy? Archives of General Psychiatry, 15, 114–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MAHONEY, M.J. 1971. The self-management of covert behavior: A case study. Behavior Therapy, 2, 575–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MAHONEY, M.J., & THORESEN, C.F. 1974. Self-control: Power to the person. Monterey, Calif.: Brooks-Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • MOWRER, O.H. 1972. Critical notice. Behavior Therapy, 3, 112–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • OTTO, H..A. 1968. Human potentialities. St. Louis: W.H. Green.

    Google Scholar 

  • PERLS, F.S. 1969. Gestalt therapy verbatim. Moab, Utah: Real People Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • RARDIN, S. 1969. Treatment of a phobia by partial self-desensitization. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 125–126.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ROGERS, C.R. 1951. Client-centered therapy. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • STAMPFL, T.G., & LEVIS, D. J. 1967. Essentials of implosive therapy: A learning-based psychodynamic behavioral therapy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 72, 496–503.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • STUART, R. B. 1967. Behavioral control of overeating. Behavior Research and Therapy, 5, 357–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • THORESEN, C.E., & MAHONEY, M.J. 1974. Behavioral self-control. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • TODD, F.J. 1972. Coverant control of self-evaluation responses in the treatment of depression: A new use for an old principle. Behavior Therapy, 3, 91–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • TYLER, V.O., & STRAUGHAN, J. H. 1970. Converant control and breath holding as techniques for the treatment of obesity. The Psychological Record, 20, 473–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WATSON, D. L., & THARP, R.G. 1972. Self-directed behavior: Self-modification for personal adjustment. Monterey, Calif.: Brooks-Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • WILLIAMS, R.L., & LONG, J. D. 1975. Toward a self-managed life style. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • WOLPE, J. 1958. Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • WOLPE, J. & LAZARUS, A.A. 1966. Behavior therapy techniques. New York: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • YATES, A.J. 1958. The application of learning theory to the treatment of tics. Journal of A bnormal and Social Psychology, 56, 175–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ZIMMERMAN, J. 1975. If it’s what’s inside that counts, why not count it? I: Self-recording of feelings and treatment by “self-implosion.” The Psychological Record, 25, 3–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ZIMMERMAN, J., & LEVITT, E.E. 1975. Why not give your client a counter: A survey of what happened when we did. Behavior Research and Therapy, 13, 333–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

I thank my beloved wife Elaine for her support and editing. I thank “Emily” for teaching me at least as much as I taught her, and also for consenting to remain anonymous to protect her significant others.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zimmerman, J. Case Study in Self-Determinism: A Model for Client-Assisted Self-Help. Psychol Rec 29, 201–217 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394607

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394607

Navigation