Skip to main content
Log in

Auto-Shaping: A Three-Manipulanda Technique for Dogs

  • Published:
The Psychological Record Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

5 dogs were given lever-press training with a 3-lever auto-shaping technique. Results indicated that all Ss rapidly acquire the lever-pressing behavior. This new procedure eliminates the requirement for continuous presence of E to monitor behavior and deliver reinforcers for lever-pressing. It also provides a method for standardization which does away with the effects of individual E differences which originate during the “art of hand-shaping.”drawn between two psychological research strategies which suggests a solution to the paradox.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • BEISSEL, G. F. 1972. Auto shaping of lever pressing in mental retardates. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Mississippi.

    Google Scholar 

  • BROWN, P. L., & JENKINS, H. M. 1968. Auto-shaping of the pigeon’s keypeck. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11, 1–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • GAMZU, I. 1972. Auto-shaping and auto-maintenance with squirrel monkeys: Theoretical implications. In W. M. Gardner (Chm.), Auto-shaping and auto-maintenance. Symposium presented at the meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta.

    Google Scholar 

  • GARDNER, W. M. 1969. Auto-shaping in bobwhite quail. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 12, 279–281.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • GARDNER, W. M. 1972. Trial stimulus factors: A relative connectability analysis of auto-shaping. In W. M. Gardner (Chm.), Auto-shaping and auto-maintenance. Symposium presented at the meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta.

    Google Scholar 

  • HITZING, E. W., & SAFAR, T. 1970. Auto-shaping: The conditions necessary for its development and maintenance. The Psychological Record, 20, 347–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HITZING, E. W. 1972. Auto-maintenance: An analysis of the contingent non-reinforcement control procedure. In W. M. Gardner (Chm.), Auto-shaping and auto-maintenance. Symposium presented at the meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta.

    Google Scholar 

  • PALYA, W. L. 1972. Auto-shaping of chained responding: Trial stimulus series effects. In W. M. Gardner (Chm.), Auto-shaping and auto-maintenance. Symposium presented at the meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta.

    Google Scholar 

  • PATTERSON, D. D., & WINOKUR, S. 1970. Auto-shaping pigeon’s key pecking with a conditioned reinforcer. Paper presented at the Tenth annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Antonio.

    Google Scholar 

  • PATTERSON, D. D., & WINOKUR, S. 1971a. Generalized excitatory effects of a response independent reinforcer presentation. Paper presented at the meeting of the Southwestern Psychological Association, San Antonio.

    Google Scholar 

  • PATTERSON, D. D., & WINOKUR, S. 1971b. Discriminative stimulus and conditioned reinforcing effects of a stimulus paired with primary reinforcement. Paper presented at the meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Detroit.

    Google Scholar 

  • POWELL, R. W., SAUNDERS, D., & THOMPSON, W. 1968. Shaping, auto-shaping and observational learning with rats. Psychonomic Science, 13, 167–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SCHWARTZ, B. 1972. The role of the stimulus-reinforcer relationship: The maintenance of key pecking by response-independent reinforcement. In W. M. Gardner (Chm.), Auto-shaping and auto-maintenance. Symposium presented at the meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta.

    Google Scholar 

  • SIDMAN, M., & FLETCHER, F. G. 1968. A demonstration of auto-shaping with monkeys. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11, 307–309.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, S. G. 1970. Auto-shaping: A three key technique. The Psychological Record, 20, 343–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, S. G., & ANDERSON, R. 1970. An automatic method for obtaining magazine training and treadle pressing in the dog. Cited by S. G. Smith 1972. A comparison of three procedures for automatic magazine and key-peck training in the pigeon. The Psychological Record, 22, pg. 212.

    Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, S. G., BORGEN, L. A., DAVIS, W. M., & PACE, H. B. 1971. Automatic magazine and bar-press training in the rat. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 15, 197–198.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, S. G., & SMITH, W. M. 1971. A demonstration of auto-shaping with dogs. The Psychological Record, 21, 377–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, S. G., & WILKES, W. P. 1971. An automatic method for obtaining magazine approach behavior and key-pecking in the pigeon. The Psychological Record, 21, 373–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, S. G. 1972a. A comparison of three procedures for automatic magazine and key-peck training in the pigeon. The Psychological Record, 22, 211–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, S. G. 1972b. Auto-magazine training and auto-shaping: Its methodological utility and theoretical analysis. In W. M. Gardner (Chm.), Auto-shaping and auto-maintenance. Symposium presented at the meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta.

    Google Scholar 

  • SQUIER, L. H. 1969. Auto-shaping key response with fish. Psychonomic Science, 17, 177–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WILLIAMS, D. R., & WILLIAMS, H. 1969. Auto-maintenance in the pigeon: Sustained pecking despite contingent non-reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 12, 511–520.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • WILLIAMS, D. R. 1972. The relation of auto-shaping to superstition and ethdogical observation of learned behavior. In W. M. Gardner (Chm.), Auto-shaping and auto-maintenance. Symposium presented at the meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Smith, S.G., Smith, W.M. Auto-Shaping: A Three-Manipulanda Technique for Dogs. Psychol Rec 22, 377–380 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394103

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394103

Navigation