Abstract
Brief exposure to a mirror was found to be an effective means of inducing baby chicks to ambulate down a simple straight alley. It was also shown that visual access to a mirror was more effective than a conspecific for eliciting attack responses and suppressing distress calls in an unfamiliar situation. The results suggest that mirror-image stimulation may represent a supernormal social stimulus for some animals.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
BAENNINGER, R. 1966. Waning of aggressive motivation in Betta splendens. Psychonomic Science, 4, 241–242.
BERMANT, G. 1963. Intensity and rate of distress calling in chicks as a function of social contact Animal Behaviour, 11, 514–517.
COLLIAS, N. E. 1952. The development of social behavior in birds Auk, 69, 127–159.
FISCHER, G. J. 1971. Developmental changes in chick approach preference for social and food stimuli Developmental Psychology, 4, 155–157.
GALLUP, G. G., JR. 1968. Mirror-image stimulation Psychological Bulletin, 70, 782–793.
GALLUP, G. G.., JR., & CAPPER, S. A. 1970. Preference for mirror-image stimulation in finches (Passer domesticus domesticus) and parakeets (Melopsittacus undulatus). Animal Behaviour, 18, 621–624.
GALLUP, G. G.., JR., & HESS, J. Y. 1971. Preference for mirror-image stimulation in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Psychonomic Science, 23, 63–64.
GALLUP, G. G.., JR., & McCLURE, M. K. 1971. Preference for mirror-image stimulation in differentially reared rhesus monkeys Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 75, 403–407.
GALLUP, G. G.., JR., McCLURE, M. K., HILL, S. D., & BUNDY, R. A. 1971. Capacity for self-recognition in differentially reared chimpanzees The Psychological Record, 21, 69–74.
KAUFMAN, I. C., & HINDE, R. A. 1961. Factors influencing distress calling in chicks, with special reference to temperature changes and social isolation Animal Behaviour, 9, 197–204.
MacLEAN, P. D. 1964. Mirror display in the squirrel monkey Science, 146, 950–952.
THOMPSON, T. I. 1963. Visual reinforcement in Siamese fighting fish Science, 141, 55–57.
THOMPSON, T. I. 1964. Visual reinforcement in fighting cocks Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 7, 45–49.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gallup, G.G., Montevecchi, W.A. & Swanson, E.T. Motivational Properties of Mirror-Image Stimulation in the Domestic Chicken. Psychol Rec 22, 193–199 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394079
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394079